Flashcards in Exam 1 Part 7 Deck (61):
1
The invasion of the host by a pathogen is known as what?
infection
2
What results if the invading pathogen alters normal body functions (aka morbidity)?
disease
3
What is the term for a microorganism's ability to cause disease?
pathogenicity
4
What is the term for how easy it is for an organism to cause disease?
virulence
5
What is the term for the degree of pathogenicity?
virulence
6
What is the term for the ability of a substance to stimulate the production of antibodies or cell-mediated immune responses?
antigenicity
7
T/F: signs are characteristics of disease felt only by the patient.
False; these are symptoms.
8
T/F: signs are manifestations of disease observed or measured by others.
True
9
T/F: signs are objective and symptoms are subjective
true
10
What is the term for a group of symptoms and signs that characterize a disease or abnormal condition?
syndrome
11
T/F: pain, chills, lethargy and itching are all signs.
False; these are symptoms
12
T/F: anemia, diarrhea, fever and swelling are all signs.
true
13
carcino-
cancer
14
col-, colo-
colon
15
dermato-
skin
16
-emia
pertaining to blood
17
endo-
inside
18
-gen, gen-
give rise to
19
hepat-
liver
20
idio-
unknown
21
-itis
inflammation
22
-oma
tumor or swelling
23
-osis
condition of
24
-patho, patho-
abnormal
25
septi-
literally, rotting; refers to presence of pathogens
26
terato-
defects
27
tox-
poison
28
What are the three parts of the triad/triangle of health?
host, agent, and environment
29
When the 3 parts of the triad of health are in balance, what results? when they are out of balance?
health; disease
30
Adhesion factors, biofilms, extracellular enzymes, toxins, and anitphagocytic factors are all what?
virulence factors-contribute to virulence
31
T/F: if a microorganism is unable to make attachment proteins it is avirulent.
true
32
What is formed when bacterial pathogens attach to each other?
biofilm
33
What secretes extracellular enzymes that dissolve structural chemicals in the body?
pathogens
34
What is the term for chemicals that harm tissues or trigger host immune responses that cause damage?
toxins
35
What are the two types of toxins mentioned in class that affect the virulence of infectious agents?
exotoxins and endotoxins
36
T/F: cytotoxins, neurotoxins, and enterotoxins are all endotoxins.
False; these are exotoxins
37
What is an example of Endotoxins mentioned in class?
lipid A
38
What prevents phagocytosis of infectious agents by the host's phagocytic cells?
antiphagocytic factors
39
What stage is between infection and the first signs/symptoms?
incubation period
40
What stage is a short period of generalized, mild symptoms?
Prodromal period
41
What stage is the most severe stage where signs/symptoms are most evident?
illness
42
What stage is considered the immune response or treatment to vanquish pathogens where the body slowly returns to normal?
decline
43
At what stage of infectious disease does the patient recover from illness, tissues get repaired, and the body returns to normal?
convalescence
44
What has a longer incubation period, cholera or influenza?
cholera
45
What has a longer incubation period, Tetanus or AIDS?
AIDS
46
T/F: earwax is considered a portal of exit.
True
47
T/F: breastmilk is sterile and therefore is not a portal of exit
false
48
Are fomites more involved in direct or indirect contact modes of transmission?
indirect
49
Waterborne, foodborne, fecal-oral, and bodily fluids are all what mode of transmission?
vehicle transmission
50
What are the two types of vector transmission?
biological or mechanical
51
T/F: parenteral transmission is the mode of transmission from mother to baby.
False; perinatal is the mode of transmission from mother to baby
52
What are the 5 modes of transmission?
contact, vehicle, vector, airborne, and perinatal
53
What are arthropod vectors?
animals that carry pathogens
54
T/F: biological vectors only carry the pathogen.
False; biological vectors serve as host for pathogen
55
T/F: biological vectors only carry the pathogen.
False; mechanical vectors only carry the pathogen.
56
What two classes of arthropod do disease vectors belong to?
arachnids and insects
57
What are the only arachnids that can be vectors?
ticks and mites
58
T/F: spiders are arachnid vectors.
False
59
What are the most important arachnid vectors?
ticks
60
What are the most important insect vectors?
mosquitoes
61