Exam 1 Part 7

Question 1

The invasion of the host by a pathogen is known as what?

Answer 1

infection

Question 2

What results if the invading pathogen alters normal body functions (aka morbidity)?

Answer 2

disease

Question 3

What is the term for a microorganism’s ability to cause disease?

Answer 3

pathogenicity

Question 4

What is the term for how easy it is for an organism to cause disease?

Answer 4

virulence

Question 5

What is the term for the degree of pathogenicity?

Answer 5

virulence

Question 6

What is the term for the ability of a substance to stimulate the production of antibodies or cell-mediated immune responses?

Answer 6

antigenicity

Question 7

T/F: signs are characteristics of disease felt only by the patient.

Answer 7

False; these are symptoms.

Question 8

T/F: signs are manifestations of disease observed or measured by others.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

T/F: signs are objective and symptoms are subjective

Answer 9

true

Question 10

What is the term for a group of symptoms and signs that characterize a disease or abnormal condition?

Answer 10

syndrome

Question 11

T/F: pain, chills, lethargy and itching are all signs.

Answer 11

False; these are symptoms

Question 12

T/F: anemia, diarrhea, fever and swelling are all signs.

Answer 12

true

Question 13

carcino-

Answer 13

cancer

Question 14

col-, colo-

Answer 14

colon

Question 15

dermato-

Answer 15

skin

Question 16

-emia

Answer 16

pertaining to blood

Question 17

endo-

Answer 17

inside

Question 18

-gen, gen-

Answer 18

give rise to

Question 19

hepat-

Answer 19

liver

Question 20

idio-

Answer 20

unknown

Question 21

-itis

Answer 21

inflammation

Question 22

-oma

Answer 22

tumor or swelling

Question 23

-osis

Answer 23

condition of

Question 24

-patho, patho-

Answer 24

abnormal

Question 25

septi-

Answer 25

literally, rotting; refers to presence of pathogens

Question 26

terato-

Answer 26

defects

Question 27

tox-

Answer 27

poison

Question 28

What are the three parts of the triad/triangle of health?

Answer 28

host, agent, and environment

Question 29

When the 3 parts of the triad of health are in balance, what results? when they are out of balance?

Answer 29

health; disease

Question 30

Adhesion factors, biofilms, extracellular enzymes, toxins, and anitphagocytic factors are all what?

Answer 30

virulence factors-contribute to virulence

Question 31

T/F: if a microorganism is unable to make attachment proteins it is avirulent.

Answer 31

true

Question 32

What is formed when bacterial pathogens attach to each other?

Answer 32

biofilm

Question 33

What secretes extracellular enzymes that dissolve structural chemicals in the body?

Answer 33

pathogens

Question 34

What is the term for chemicals that harm tissues or trigger host immune responses that cause damage?

Answer 34

toxins

Question 35

What are the two types of toxins mentioned in class that affect the virulence of infectious agents?

Answer 35

exotoxins and endotoxins

Question 36

T/F: cytotoxins, neurotoxins, and enterotoxins are all endotoxins.

Answer 36

False; these are exotoxins

Question 37

What is an example of Endotoxins mentioned in class?

Answer 37

lipid A

Question 38

What prevents phagocytosis of infectious agents by the host's phagocytic cells?

Answer 38

antiphagocytic factors

Question 39

What stage is between infection and the first signs/symptoms?

Answer 39

incubation period

Question 40

What stage is a short period of generalized, mild symptoms?

Answer 40

Prodromal period

Question 41

What stage is the most severe stage where signs/symptoms are most evident?

Answer 41

illness

Question 42

What stage is considered the immune response or treatment to vanquish pathogens where the body slowly returns to normal?

Answer 42

decline

Question 43

At what stage of infectious disease does the patient recover from illness, tissues get repaired, and the body returns to normal?

Answer 43

convalescence

Question 44

What has a longer incubation period, cholera or influenza?

Answer 44

cholera

Question 45

What has a longer incubation period, Tetanus or AIDS?

Answer 45

AIDS

Question 46

T/F: earwax is considered a portal of exit.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

T/F: breastmilk is sterile and therefore is not a portal of exit

Answer 47

false

Question 48

Are fomites more involved in direct or indirect contact modes of transmission?

Answer 48

indirect

Question 49

Waterborne, foodborne, fecal-oral, and bodily fluids are all what mode of transmission?

Answer 49

vehicle transmission

Question 50

What are the two types of vector transmission?

Answer 50

biological or mechanical

Question 51

T/F: parenteral transmission is the mode of transmission from mother to baby.

Answer 51

False; perinatal is the mode of transmission from mother to baby

Question 52

What are the 5 modes of transmission?

Answer 52

contact, vehicle, vector, airborne, and perinatal

Question 53

What are arthropod vectors?

Answer 53

animals that carry pathogens

Question 54

T/F: biological vectors only carry the pathogen.

Answer 54

False; biological vectors serve as host for pathogen

Question 55

T/F: biological vectors only carry the pathogen.

Answer 55

False; mechanical vectors only carry the pathogen.

Question 56

What two classes of arthropod do disease vectors belong to?

Answer 56

arachnids and insects

Question 57

What are the only arachnids that can be vectors?

Answer 57

ticks and mites

Question 58

T/F: spiders are arachnid vectors.

Answer 58

False

Question 59

What are the most important arachnid vectors?

Answer 59

ticks

Question 60

What are the most important insect vectors?

Answer 60

mosquitoes

Question 61

What are the most important and common of all vectors?

Answer 61

mosquitoes