Exam 2- Lecture 12 Androgens Flashcards
in men, how many mg of testosterone is produced daily?
8 mg
95% of testosterone is produced where?
Leydig cells in testis
5% of testosterone is produced where?
adrenal glands
circulating testosterone, how much is:
-bound to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)
-bound to albumin
-free
-65%
-33%
-2%
where is GnRH produced?
hypothalamus
GnRH stimulates release of LH and FSH from where?
anterior pituitary gland
what enzyme helps catalyze testosterone to 5α-dihydrotestosterone?
5α-reductase
in what organ is testosterone metabolized to inactive forms?
liver
(it is then excreted into the urine)
3 adrenal androgens (intermediates of testosterone synthesis pathway)
-androstenedione
-DHEA (dihydroepiandrosterone)
-DHEAS (dihydroepiandrosterone sulfate)
2 uses of adrenal androgens in androgen replacement therapy
-male hypogonadism (testosterone deficiency)
-hypopituitarism
what is danazol used for?
used in treatment of endometriosis
4 clinical uses of adrenal androgens
-androgen replacement therapy in men
-gynelogical disorders
-protein anabolic agents (reverses protein loss after trauma, surgery, or prolonged immobilization in conjunction w/ dietary measures and exercises)
-andropause
true or false: when administed orally, testosterone is readily absorbed and largely activated
false (inactivated)
17-alkyl forms (ex. methyltestosterone) of androgens are more active __________
a. orally
b. intramuscularly
a. orally
ester forms of androgens (ex. propionate, enanthate, cypionate) are more active __________
a. orally
b. intramuscularly
b. intramuscularly
