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PHRM 825 Therapeutics > Final Exam - Diarrhea + Constipation > Flashcards

Final Exam - Diarrhea + Constipation Flashcards

1
Q

___ liters of fluid enters proximal small intestine every day

A

9

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2
Q

if small intestine water absorptive capacity is exceeded, _____ overloads the colon, resulting in diarrhea

A

chyme

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3
Q

acute diarrhea is usually caused by ?

A

infection

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4
Q

what is the most common foodborne cause of diarrhea and vomiting?

A

norovirus

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5
Q

______ diarrhea is characterized by a change in active ion transport

a. exudative
b. secretory
c. osmotic
d. altered intestinal transit

A

b. secretory

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6
Q

_____ diarrhea is caused when poorly absorbed substances are retained in intestinal fluids, and results in influx of water and electrolytes into the lumen

a. exudative
b. secretory
c. osmotic
d. altered intestinal transit

A

c. osmotic

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7
Q

most common bacteria in the US

A

salmonella

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8
Q

what is tenesmus?

A

straining and painful stooling

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9
Q

what does the BRAT diet stand for?

A

bananas
rice
applesauce
toast

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10
Q

_____ _____ may be considered for any traveler to prevent traveler’s diarrhea

A

bismuth subsalicylate

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11
Q

when antibiotic prophylaxis is indicated, _____ is recommended for traveler’s diarrhea prevention

A

rifaximin

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12
Q

true or false: antibiotics are recommended for mild traveler’s diarrhea treatment?

A

false

(not recommended; loperamide or bismuth subsalicylate)

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13
Q

antimotility drugs mech of action

A

activate the mu opioid receptors in bowel to reduce peristalsis and inc segmentation

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14
Q

what is the purpose of atropine in Lomotil (diphenoxylate/atropine)?

A

the side effects of atropine are a deterrent for abusing it

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15
Q

true or false: loperamide has CV risks

A

true

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16
Q

psyllium, polycarbophil, attapulgite, and kaloin-pectin mixture are examples of

a. antimotility agents
b. absorbents
c. antisecretory agents

A

b. absorbents

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17
Q

absorbents mech of action

A

adsorb nutrients, toxins, drugs and digestive juices

18
Q

what is the GI transit time from mouth to anus?

A

36 hours

(30-40 is the range)

19
Q

acute constipation is less than ____ bowel movements/week

a. 2
b. 3
c. 5
d. 7

A

b. 3

20
Q

chronic constipation requires symptoms lasting > ____ weeks

A

6

21
Q

true or false: diabetes, Parkinson’s, CNS injury, and MS can slow down GI motility

A

true

22
Q

bulk laxatives mech of action

A

forms emollient gels which retain water, swells, and stimulates bowel movement

23
Q

true or false: Citrucel should be mixed with hot water

A

false

(cold water)

24
Q

docusate mech of action

A

decreases fecal surface tension; stool softener

(does nothing for peristalsis)

25
Q

mineral oil mech of action

A

lubricates lumen of colon

26
Q

mech of action of saline laxatives (milk of magnesia, Mg citrate)

A

draws fluid into colon which stimulates motility

27
Q

hyperosmotic agents are excellent for ____ constipation

a. acute
b. chronic

A

b. chronic

28
Q

true or false: fluoroquinolones are recommended for prophylaxis of traveler’s diarrhea

A

false

(not recommended)

29
Q

antibiotic treatment should be used in ____ traveler’s diarrhea

a. mild
b. moderate
c. severe

A

c. severe

30
Q

antibiotic treatment is not recommended in ____ traveler’s diarrhea

a. mild
b. moderate
c. severe

A

a. mild

31
Q

MOA of stimulant laxatives

A

Locally stimulates enteric nerves which stimulates contractions and mobility; also increases fluid and Na
secretion into the lumen

32
Q

glycerin suppositories

a. hyperosmotic agent
b. stimulant laxative

A

a. hyperosmotic agent

33
Q

bisacodyl suppositories

a. hyperosmotic agent
b. stimulant laxative

A

b. stimulant laxative

34
Q

lubiprostone is a _____ channel activator

A

chloride

35
Q

lubiprostone (Amitiza) is indicated for what two conditions?

A

CIC (chronic idopathic constipation in adults)
IBS-C

36
Q

linaclotide (Linzess) and plecanatide (Trulance) MOA

A

guanylate cyclase-C receptor activator

37
Q

metoclopramide and prucalopride are ______ agents

A

prokinetics

38
Q

patients on opioids should avoid which laxatives?

A

bulk laxatives

39
Q

methylnaltrexone (Relistor) and naloxegol (Movantik) MOA

A

mu opioid receptor antagonist

40
Q

when to take naloxegol (Movantik)

A

1 hr prior to 1st meal or 2 hours after meal

PHRM 825 Therapeutics (25 decks)

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