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PHRM 825 Therapeutics > Final Exam - Random Info > Flashcards

Final Exam - Random Info Flashcards

1
Q

ingredients in Pepcid AC (3 of them)

A

famotidine + calcium carbonate + magnesium hydroxide

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2
Q

how should dexilant be taken?

a. take 1 capsule daily 60 min before breakfast
b. take 1 capsule daily at bedtime
c. take 1 capsule daily without regards to meals
d. take 1 capsule daily on an empty stomach
e. take 1 capsule daily with a high-fat meal

A

c. take 1 capsule daily without regard to meals

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3
Q

A 45-year-old female is going on a long car trip and is nervous because she gets motion sickness. She has an old prescription of metoclopramide and wants to know if she can just take that to help with the nausea from riding in the car. What is the best recommendation to provide to this patient?

a. take it 30-60 min before the car ride
b. do not take metoclopramide as it is contraindicated
c. take it as soon as you feel nauseous
d. do not take metoclopramide as it is not effective for motion sickness
e. take the metoclopramide and apply transdermal scopolamine 1 hour before the car ride

A

d. do not take metoclopramide as it is not effective for motion sickness

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4
Q

Which of the following would be appropriate for car sickness? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

a. diphenhydramine
b. meclizine
c. promethazine
d. dimenhydrinate
e. loratadine

A

a. diphenhydramine
b. meclizine
d. dimenhydrinate

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5
Q

where is the correct application site for the scopolamine patch?

a. upper torso
b. behind an ear
c. abdomen
d. hip line
e. upper back

A

b. behind an ear

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6
Q

MOA of magnesium hydroxide when used for heartburn

a. neutralizes pepsin in the stomach via hydroxylation
b. neutralizes acid in a buffering reaction (producing salt & water)
c. inhibits (reversibly) the histamine-2 receptors on gastric parietal cells
d. irreversibly binds to the H+/K+-ATPase pump in gastric parietal cells
e. blocks the first step in acid production high up in the pathway

A

b. neutralizes acid in a buffering reaction (producing salt & water)

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7
Q

use of loperamide to provide symptomatic relief is acceptable in which scenario?

a. C. difficile pseudomembranous colitis
b. irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea
c. bloody diarrhea and fever while traveling
d. toxigenic E. coli infection of the GI tract
e. age < 2 years with acute diarrhea and dehydration

A

b. irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea

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8
Q

which of these medical conditions can be worsened by using scopolamine?

a. anemia
b. diabetes
c. GERD
d. bronchitis/pneumonia
e. glaucoma

A

e. glaucoma

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9
Q

an elderly patient is purchasing several large bottles of Mylanta Classic. Her meds include sertraline, furosemide, carvedilol, lisinopril and Epogen. Her conditions include depression, hypertension, heart failure, renal insufficiency and anemia secondary to renal insufficiency. Which of the following recommendations should be made?

a. the medication should not be used in patients with depression
b. the medication contains a salicylate and should be avoided in patients with aspirin allergies
c. this medication should be separated from the patient’s furosemide
d. this medication can accumulate in patients with kidney dysfunction
e. this medication can increase the patient’s blood pressure

A

d. this medication can accumulate in patients with kidney dysfunction

(contains aluminum, magnesium hydroxide and simethicone. Both aluminum and magnesium can accumulate when used excessively)

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10
Q

prucalopride brand name

A

motegrity

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11
Q

MOA of misoprostol

a. prokinetic agent
b. coats the stomach with a protective lining
c. histamine-2 receptor antagonist
d. prostaglandin analog
e. proton pump inhibitor

A

d. prostaglandin analog

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12
Q

a pharmacist will counsel a patient on the safety issues of Transderm Scop. Which of the following are correct counseling statements? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

a. side effects could include dry mouth, dizziness and confusion
b. if the patient gets medication in the eyes it will cause the pupils to shrink
c. do not use alcohol while taking this medication
d. the patch does not need to be removed prior to an MRI, however many technicians will instruct patients to remove all patches
e. this medication can make the patient tired; do not drive a car or use any machinery which requires being awake and alert

A

a, c, e

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13
Q

alarm symptoms in GERD that may warrant additional testing include:

a. cough, chest pain, bloody stools
b. unintentional weight loss, dysphagia, hematemesis
c. hypersalivation, cough, sore throat
d. regurgitation, heartburn, choking
e. cough, hypersalivation, acid taste

A

b. unintentional weight loss, dysphagia, hematemesis

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14
Q

which PPI’s should be avoided in patients taking clopidogrel? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

a. pantoprazole
b. rabeprazole
c. dexlansoprazole
d. omeprazole
e. esomeprazole

A

d, e

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15
Q

a 55 year-old male currently takes metoprolol, digoxin, amiodarone and warfarin. Addition of which medication would further increase his bleeding risk?

a. loperamide
b. lomotil
c. prucalopride
d. pepto-bismol
e. mineral oil

A

d. pepto-bismol

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16
Q

GH has had GERD for many years. She tried OTC products with no relief and finally went to her PCP. Her PCP prescribed 8 weeks of pantoprazole and counseled her on lifestyle modification. Her symptoms completely went away. She has been off pantoprazole for 3 weeks. Today she reports to her PCP that some of her symptoms have returned but they aren’t as bad or as frequent as before. She has GERD symptoms after eating late at night and immediately going to bed, which she knows she should not do. She also has had symptoms during the day that do not seem to be related to meals. This happens 5-6 days per week. Which recommendation is most appropriate for GH at this time?

a. OTC antacids as needed
b. OTC H2RA as needed
c. her PCP should prescribe an H2RA
d. her PCP should prescribe max dose PPI
e. her PCP should prescribe metoclopramide

A

c. her PCP should prescribe an H2RA

17
Q

the main side effect of sucralfate is

a. diarrhea
b. constipation
c. headache
d. tardive dyskinesia
e. agitation

A

b. constipation

18
Q

which proton pump inhibitor is available as an orally disintegrating tablet?

a. lansoprazole
b. pantoprazole
c. rabeprazole
d. dexlansoprazole
e. esomeprazole

A

a. lansoprazole

19
Q

metoclopramide is a _____ antagonist

a. serotonin
b. GABA
c. dopamine

A

c. dopamine

20
Q

which of the following is the brand name for lansoprazole?

a. prilosec
b. nexium
c. aciphex
d. prevacid
e. protonix

A

d. prevacid

21
Q

which of the following warnings is associated with chronic use of PPI’s? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

a. folic acid deficiency
b. osteoporosis-related fractures
c. C. difficile-associated diarrhea
d. hypomagnesemia
e. delirium

A

b, c, d

22
Q

which treatment is the best option for oral rehydration of a 7-year-old child experiencing diarrhea?

a. sodium phosphates
b. enfamil enfalyte
c. milk of magnesia
d. loperamide suspension
e. mineral oil

A

b. enfamil enfalyte

23
Q

KG has chronic constipation despite a fiber-rich diet and adequate fluids. It is “idiopathic.” She has had constipation for years and says she has learned to live with it. As she is getting older, she experiences occasional heartburn after eating. Choose a good option for KG to help with the heartburn

a. milk of magnesia
b. maalox
c. tums
d. famotidine
e. omeprazole

A

a. milk of magnesia

24
Q

what are the common side effects of the scopolamine patch?

a. drowsiness, dry mouth
b. activation, insomnia
c. tremor
d. headache
e. GI upset

A

a. drowsiness, dry mouth

25
Q

what is the physical (mechanical) cause of GERD?

a. the histamine receptors over-secrete acid
b. the parietal cells over-secrete acid
c. food gets stuck in the esophagus
d. lower esophageal sphincter tone is reduced
e. the gastric muscle contracts suddenly

A

d. lower esophageal sphincter tone is reduced

26
Q

metoclopramide is most commonly used for which condition?

a. GERD
b. gastroparesis
c. peptic ulcer disease
d. H. pylori-induced ulcers
e. diarrhea

A

b. gastroparesis

(metoclopramide accelerates gastric emptying by increasing peristalsis)

27
Q

CK is pregnant with her first child. She did not suffer from constipation until the second trimester of her pregnancy. Choose the preferred treatment

a. PEG 3350
b. docusate
c. psyllium
d. miralax
e. milk of magnesia

A

c. psyllium

(fiber is the first-line treatment for constipation during pregnancy)

28
Q

MOA of sucralfate

a. dopamine blocker
b. prokinetic agent
c. provides a protective barrier for the gut
d. prostaglandin analog
e. phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor

A

c. provides a protective barrier for the gut

29
Q

MOA of famotidine

a. neutralizes pepsin in the stomach via hydroxylation
b. neutralizes acid in a buffering reaction (producing salt & water)
c. reversibly inhibits the histamine-2 receptors on gastric parietal cells
d. irrev. binds to the H+/K+-ATPase
e. blocks the first step in acid production high up in the pathway

A

c. reversibly inhibits the histamine-2 receptors on gastric parietal cells

30
Q

a mother asks the pharmacist what to use to help her 4-year-old daughter have a bowel movement. The mother states the child “forgets to go” when she is playing, and now it seems to be too late. The child is squirming and crying. The mother is anxious to help relieve the problem urgently. Choose the best recommendation

a. docusate syrup
b. glycerin suppository
c. methylcellulose powder
d. bisacodyl tablet
e. loperamide liquid

A

b. glycerin suppository

31
Q

true or false: linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone (Amitiza) are approved for the treatment of various types of constipation, including IBS-C

A

true

32
Q

MOA of miralax

a. adds fluid to the stool which creates more bulk
b. draws fluid into the gut by osmosis and increases peristalsis
c. directly stimulates colon neurons causing peristalsis
d. acts as an emollient, reducing the surface tension of the stool
e. lubricates the bowel and stool by coating with a waterproof film

A

b. draws fluid into the gut by osmosis and increases peristalsis

33
Q

which of the following PPI’s comes in a combination drug with aspirin?

a. pantoprazole
b. esomeprazole
c. omeprazole
d. dexlansoprazole
e. rabeprazole

A

c. omeprazole

34
Q

which product contains both a stimulant laxative and a stool softener?

a. Senna S
b. Colyte
c. Senokot
d. Amitiza
e. Enulose

A

a. Senna S

35
Q

select the correct pharmacologic category for the Transderm Scop patch:

a. cholinergic
b. anticholinergic
c. adrenergic
d. serotonin antagonist
e. histamine-2 antagonist

A

b. anticholinergic

(the anticholinergic effect is what helps reduce nausea)

36
Q

which of the following statements concerning NSAIDs is correct? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

a. all NSAIDs can cause gastric ulcers when used chronically
b. COX-2 selective NSAIDs have an increased risk of GI side effects
c. all NSAIDs should be used cautiously in patients with a history of CV or renal disease
d. COX-2 selective NSAIDs have an increased risk of causing CV events
e. antacid use (taken concurrently with the NSAID) will protect the GI lining

A

a, c, d

37
Q

a patient with opioid-induced constipation has failed multiple trials of stimulant laxatives. An order is written for a peripherally-acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist. Which of the following medications is indicated for this condition and works by this mechanism?

a. linaclotide
b. lubiprostone
c. alvimopan
d. naloxegol
e. tegaserod

A

d. naloxegol

(movantik)

PHRM 825 Therapeutics (25 decks)

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