Exam 2 – Lecture 12: Muscle 2 and Nerve 1

Question 1

Describe cardiac muscle

Answer 1

Striated
Multinucleated
Involuntary

Question 2

Where is the nuclei located in cardiac muscle?

Answer 2

Centrally

Question 3

What can you find in cardiac muscles but not skeletal muscle?

Answer 3

Intercalated disks

Question 4

What kind of cells makes up cardiac muscle?

Answer 4

Permanent

Question 5

What kind of cells makes up smooth muscle?

Answer 5

Elliptical, fusiform cells

Question 6

Describe smooth muscle

Answer 6

No cross-striations
Actin/myosin contractile elements
Lack T-tubule system
Involuntary
Central nuclei

Question 7

What occurs in smooth muscle because it is involuntary?

Answer 7

Autonomic control (Epi, NE, AcH)

Question 8

What kind of contractions occur in smooth muscle?

Answer 8

Sustained

Question 9

Where is smooth muscle located?

Answer 9

GI
Bronchioles
Vessels
Repro

Question 10

What does nerve tissue do?

Answer 10

Communication
Information gathering
Integration
Control

Question 11

Describe nerve tissue

Answer 11

Excitable

Neuroectodermal origin

Question 12

What makes nerve tissue similar to muscle?

Answer 12

It is a tissue and a cell

Question 13

What makes up nerve tissue?

Answer 13

Neurons (cells) and support tissue

Question 14

What are the layers of nerve tissue?

Answer 14

Endoneurium
Perineurium
Epineurium

Question 15

What makes up the central nervous system?

Answer 15

Brain

Spinal cord

Question 16

What makes up the brain?

Answer 16

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain stem

Question 17

What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 17

Cranial and spinal nerves

Ganglion

Question 18

What are the different functions of neurons?

Answer 18

Sensory (afferent)
Motor (efferent)
Interneurons (most)

Question 19

What makes up neurons and supporting cells? (Look at diagram and identify)

Answer 19

Schwann cells
Satellite cells
Glial cells
Cell body
Dendrites
Axon
Synaptic junction

Question 20

What are the different types of neurons?

Answer 20

Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar (pseudounipolar)

Question 21

What does the somatic system control?

Answer 21

Sensory/motor

Question 22

What does the autonomic system contain?

Answer 22

Visceral, sympathetic, and parasympathetic

Question 23

What does the autonomic system control?

Answer 23

Smooth muscle
Cardiac stimulation
Glandular epithelium

Question 24

What is within a nerve cell body?

Answer 24

Nucleus/nucleolus
RER
Nissl bodies
Mitochondria
Golgi

Question 25

Look at pictures of nerve cell bodies

Answer 25

Look at pictures of nerve cell bodies

Question 26

What are dendrites?

Answer 26

Receptors

Question 27

What do dendrites receive information from?

Answer 27

Environment | Other neurons

Question 28

What are axons?

Answer 28

Effectors

Question 29

Where do axons send information to?

Answer 29

Other neurons | Effector structures

Question 30

Where are neurotransmitters formed?

Answer 30

In every nerve cell body

Question 31

What are neurotransmitters carried by?

Answer 31

Kinesin (anterograde) | Dynein (retrograde)

Question 32

Where does kinesin carry neurotransmitters?

Answer 32

Away from nerve cell body

Question 33

Where does dynein carry neurotransmitters?

Answer 33

Towards nerve cell body

Question 34

What is a synapse?

Answer 34

Junction neuron and effector

Question 35

Wha are the 2 categories of synapses?

Answer 35

Chemical or electrical

Question 36

What are examples of synapses?

Answer 36

``` Neurotransmitter Acetylcholine Norepinephrine Epinephrine Dopamine Serotonin GABA ```

Question 37

What do synapses do?

Answer 37

Degradation or up-take