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Histology > Exam 3 – Lecture 23: GI 2 > Flashcards

Exam 3 – Lecture 23: GI 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the esophagus?

A

Muscular conduit

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2
Q

What does the esophagus go from and extend to?

A

Goes from the oropharynx and extends to the stomach

Extends down the cervical region and through the thoracic cavity into the abdomen

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3
Q

What is one of the major organs to go through the diaphragm?

A

Esophagus

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4
Q

What are the tunics of the esophagus?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa/adventitia

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5
Q

What kind of epithelium is the mucosa?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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6
Q

What kind of tissue is the submucosa?

A

Loose areolar connective tissue

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7
Q

Is the stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus keratinized?

A

No

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8
Q

What is the avian crop?

A

Dilation of the esophagus at the thoracic inlet

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9
Q

What happens when birds eat?

A

Food can be stored in the crop and then moves to the proventriculus, which is the chemical stomach. Food moves to the gizzard, which is a grinding organ

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10
Q

What does the gizzard do?

A

Chews food after it has gone through the chemical process

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11
Q

What kind of muscle is the esophagus?

A

Smooth and voluntary

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12
Q

What are the regions of the monogastric stomach?

A

Cardiac region
Fundic region
Pyloric region

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13
Q

What are the parts to the ruminant stomach?

A

Rumen (paunch)
Reticulum (honeycomb)
Omasum (many piles, “butcher’s bible”)
Abomasum (true or chemical stomach)

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14
Q

What kind of epithelium makes up the rumen, reticulum, and omasum?

A

Stratified squamous

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15
Q

Describe the rumen and reticulum

A

Manny commensal microbes
Mostly fermentation
Reducing environment
Some absorption

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16
Q

What does the omasum do?

A

Water absorption

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17
Q

What is the abomasum like?

A 
Longitudinal folds (rugae)
Columnar epithelium with numerous goblets and has gastric pits
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18
Q

What are the regions of the abomasum?

A

Cardiac
Fundus
Pyloric

19
Q

Which region makes up a majority of the stomach?

A

Fundus

20
Q

What happens in the pylorus?

A

The stomach empties into the intestines

21
Q

What do the cardiac and pyloric regions mostly have?

A

Mucus

22
Q

Where is the torus pylorus found in? What is it?

A

Only pigs

A little mass/raised nodule between the pylorus and duodenum

23
Q

What kind of secretions does the fundic region have?

A

Glandular

24
Q

What are the fundic/gastric glands like in the fundic region?

A

Simple branched tubular glands

25
Q

What is found in the fundic glands?

A

Goblet cells, which make mucus

Chief cells, which makes pepsinogen that becomes pepsin when acitvated

26
Q

What is produced from parietal cells of fundic region?

A

HCl and intrinsic factor (glycoprotein)

27
Q

What kind of secretions do the fundic glands have?

A

Enteroendocrine secretions into the lamina propria

28
Q

What is the small intestine?

A

Principle digestion site/absorption

29
Q

What are the 3 major portions of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

30
Q

List the portions of the small intestine in order of longest to shortest

A

Jejunum
Duodenum
Ileum

31
Q

What is the small intestine supported by?

A

Mesentery

32
Q

What can be found in the mesentery?

A

Peritoneum

Vessels

33
Q

What does the lining of the small intestine have?

A

Villi

34
Q

Describe villi

A

“finger-like” projections

Crypts

35
Q

What is the epithelium of the small intestine/villi?

A

Columnar epithelium

36
Q

What is the space in the villi?

A

Lacteal

37
Q

What is a lacteal?

A

A lymphatic vessel that absorbs nutrients so they can go into circulation

38
Q

Where do cells of the small intestine divide?

A

In the crypts

39
Q

What does parvo mimic?

A

Radiation poisoning

40
Q

Were does parvo wipe out small intestine?

A

At the crypts

41
Q

Where does coronavirus tend to attack the small intestine?

A

Mid-villus

42
Q

What does coronavirus cause?

A

Villi to shorten

43
Q

Where does rotavirus attack the small intestine?

A

Tips of the villus

Histology (30 decks)

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