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Histology > Exam 2 – Lecture 18: Respiratory 2 and Urinary 1 > Flashcards

Exam 2 – Lecture 18: Respiratory 2 and Urinary 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is pleura?

A

Simple squamous epithelium on a connective tissue base

Bag like structure

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2
Q

Look at picture of pleura for parietal and visceral pleuras

A

Look at picture of pleura for parietal and visceral pleuras

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3
Q

Describe mammals, birds, and marine fish urinary system

A

Concentration nitrogenous waster, thus water conservation

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4
Q

What does the urinary system do for homeostasis?

A 
Water maintenance 
Acid/base maintenance
Ion maintenance (Na, K, PO4, Cl, etc)
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5
Q

What does the urinary system do for endocrine release?

A

Make erythropoietin, renin and vitamin D

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6
Q

What makes up the urinary system?

A 
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
Cloaca (birds and reptiles)
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7
Q

What do kidneys have?

A

A fibrous capsule

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8
Q

What is the location of kidneys?

A

Retroperitoneal

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9
Q

What is the hilus?

A

The space where things enter and exit the kidney

Artery in, veins and ureter out

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10
Q

What are the layers of the parenchyma?

A

Cortex
Medulla
Pelvis

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11
Q

What is the cortex?

A

The outer layer of the parenchyma

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12
Q

What is the medulla?

A

The inner layer of the parenchyma

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13
Q

What is the renal pelvis immediately continuous with?

A

Ureter

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14
Q

What goes through the urethra?

A

Bladder

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15
Q

Which can be seen, ureter or urethra?

A

Urethra

If ureter is seen, there is a problem

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16
Q

What is a nephron?

A

Structural and functional unit of the kidney

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17
Q

What makes up the renal corpuscle and tubular system?

A

Glomerulus
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule

18
Q

What does the glomerulus connect to?

A

Tubular system

19
Q

Which convoluted tubule is closest to the glomerulus?

A

Proximal

20
Q

Is the collecting duct a part of the nephron? Why?

A

No

1 collecting duct can serve multiple nephrons

21
Q

When is the shape of the kidney developed?

A

Most are embryologically

Lobular is retained in maturity

22
Q

What are the 2 types of kidneys?

A

Lobular and pyramid

23
Q

What are medullary rays?

A

Very similar to lobules and serve the same purpose as collecting ducts

24
Q

What makes up a lobule?

A

Collecting duct and nephrons

25
Q

What is the renal cortex?

A

The outer surface

26
Q

What makes up the renal cortex?

A 
Renal corpuscles (glomeruli)
Proximal convoluted tubules
Distal convoluted tubules
Collecting tubules
Interstitium
Vessels
27
Q

Where is the only place that glomeruli is found?

A

Renal cortex

28
Q

What is fluid in the tubules considered?

A

Glomerular filtrate, not urine

29
Q

Why is there more salt concentration in the medulla than the tubules?

A

So that water in the tubules can be sucked out to help conserve it

30
Q

Where does filtration of the blood occur?

A

Glomerulus

31
Q

What happens in the glomerulus that happens no where else in the body?

A

An arteriole breaks down into a capillary bed and then reforms into an arteriole again

32
Q

What are outer walls of the capillaries in the glomerulus?

A

Glomerular basement membrane

33
Q

What does the filtration in the glomerulus?

A

Epithelial cells that line the capillary and podocytes

34
Q

What do podocytes interdigitate around?

A

Capillary walls

35
Q

What does Bowman’s capsule surround?

A

Glomerular capillary tuft

36
Q

Where is the visceral portion of Bowman’s capsule?

A

Immediately on the surface of the capillary tuft

37
Q

What is mesangium?

A

The connective tissue that hold the blood vessels of the capillary in the glomerulus
Important in decreasing and increasing blood flow

38
Q

What is the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus?

A

Portion of the distal convoluted tubules with macula densa, juxtaglomerular cells, and extraglomerular cells

39
Q

What does macula densa do?

A

Monitors sodium concentration in the fluid in the tubule

40
Q

What are juxtaglomerular cells?

A

Modified smooth muscle cells

Histology (30 decks)

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