Exam 2 – Lecture 17: Respiratory System 2

Question 1

What makes up the lung and lower airways?

Answer 1

Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolus

Question 2

What are the different bronchi?

Answer 2

Primary or mainstem

Right and left

Question 3

What do bronchi immediately start branching into?

Answer 3

Secondary and tertiary branches that get smaller and smaller

Question 4

What happens to epithelium as you go deeper into the lung?

Answer 4

It gets shorter

Question 5

What makes up secondary and tertiary bronchi?

Answer 5

Mucosa
Muscularis
Submucosa
Cartilage rings
Adventitia

Question 6

What is found throughout the bronchi?

Answer 6

Muscularis

Question 7

What disappears as you move lower in the submucosa?

Answer 7

Glands

Question 8

What happens to cartilage rings by the time you get to the bronchi?

Answer 8

They are complete

Question 9

What are bronchioles?

Answer 9

Next branch after 3º bronchi

Question 10

How are bronchioles generally measured?

Answer 10

mm in diameter

Question 11

Do bronchioles have cartilage or glands?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

What happens to bronchioles?

Answer 12

Continue branching

Epithelium gets shorter and they lose cilia

Question 13

What is happening with respiratory epithelium at the point of bronchioles?

Answer 13

It is no longer making mucus and is not held open by cartilage

Question 14

Why does cilia go away in bronchioles?

Answer 14

Mucus is not being made

Question 15

How must stuff in the bronchioles come out?

Answer 15

Through lymphatics or a deep cough

Question 16

What do bronchioles give way to?

Answer 16

Respiratory bronchioles

Question 17

What surrounds the alveolus?

Answer 17

Capillary beds

Question 18

What is in terminal bronchioles?

Answer 18

Clara cells

Question 19

What are clara cells like?

Answer 19

Non-cilia
Dome
Lipoprotein

Question 20

Where are alveoli?

Answer 20

After alveolar ducts and sacs

Question 21

What do alveoli look like?

Answer 21

Cluster of grapes

Question 22

What are alveoli the site of?

Answer 22

Gaseous exchange

Question 23

What is the surface area of alveoli?

Answer 23

Massive

Question 24

What do alveolar ducts give way to?

Answer 24

Alveoli

Question 25

What are the cells in an alveolus?

Answer 25

Type 1 pneumocyte Type 2 pneumocyte Brush cell Macrophage

Question 26

What does a type 1 pneumocyte consist of?

Answer 26

Squamous epithelium

Question 27

What is a type 2 pneumocyte?

Answer 27

Stem cell of the lung

Question 28

What happens when a type 1 pneumocyte is damaged?

Answer 28

Type 2 reproduces and replaces type 1 cells

Question 29

What do brush cells do?

Answer 29

Monitor air quality and can open or reduce alveolar space

Question 30

What do macrophages do with alveoli?

Answer 30

Help to rid the lungs of anything that penetrates anything deep into the lungs

Question 31

What do endothelial cells share a basement membrane with?

Answer 31

Type 1 pneumocyte

Question 32

What does surfactant do?

Answer 32

Helps keep the alveoli open

Question 33

What species does not have alveolar pores?

Answer 33

Cattle

Question 34

Because cattle do no have alveolar pores, what does this make them susceptible to?

Answer 34

Emphysema

Question 35

What is emphysema?

Answer 35

Gas outside of the airways, but within the lungs

Question 36

What are alveolar pores?

Answer 36

Spaces between the alveoli

Question 37

What do alveolar pores do?

Answer 37

Connect alveoli together so that trapped air can get out via another alveolus

Question 38

What is intersitium?

Answer 38

Stuff between the main organs and surrounding connective tissues Space between the alveoli

Question 39

What happens with type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia?

Answer 39

It causes you to lose surface area in the lungs and makes it harder for oxygen to be removed