Exam 2 – Lecture 13: Nerve 2

Question 1

What are fascicles?

Answer 1

Clusters of nerves

Question 2

What is the epineurium?

Answer 2

Connective tissue on the outside of a fascicle

Question 3

What is the perineurium?

Answer 3

The bundles of connective tissue around a cluster of axons in the fascicle

Question 4

What is the endoneurium?

Answer 4

Connective tissue around an individual axon in the fascicle

Question 5

Look at picture in notes to identify each layer of fascicle

Answer 5

Look at picture in notes to identify each layer of fascicle

Question 6

What is within the central nervous system?

Answer 6

Astrocytes
Oligodendroglia
Microglia
Ependyma

Question 7

What are the astrocytes?

Answer 7

The main type of cell in the brain and spinal cord that function to support, modulate activity, and scar when damaged

Question 8

What does oligodendroglia do?

Answer 8

Make myelin

Question 9

What is microglia?

Answer 9

Local phagocytes

Question 10

Where does the ependyma line?

Answer 10

The central canal in the brain and the spinal cord

Question 11

What is within the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 11

Schwann cells

Satellite cells

Question 12

What do schwann cells form?

Answer 12

Myelin

Question 13

What are satellite cells?

Answer 13

Non-specific cells that support the PNS

Question 14

What is myelination?

Answer 14

High lipid insulation

Question 15

What is myelination performed by?

Answer 15

Schwann cells and oligodendroglia

Question 16

What does myelination do?

Answer 16

Speeds up contraction

Allows many nerves to run in the same fascicles and not cross signals

Question 17

Describe unmyelinated fibers

Answer 17

Slower conduction

Still invested in Schwann cells

Question 18

What is an action potential?

Answer 18

Electrochemical depolarization

Question 19

What is the path of action potential?

Answer 19

Starts at axonal hillock moves toward the synapse

Question 20

Where is the node of ranvier?

Answer 20

Between the schwann cells, where one schwann cell meets the next

Question 21

What is made in the gray matter of the brain?

Answer 21

Cell bodies

Question 22

What does the white matter mostly consist of?

Answer 22

Axons

Question 23

What do meninges do?

Answer 23

Cover the brain and spinal cord

Question 24

What are the 3 layers of meninges?

Answer 24

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

Question 25

What is dura mater?

Answer 25

The first layer directly under the bone | Tough mother

Question 26

Where does the pia mater run down into? What does it invest?

Answer 26

Runs down into the brain and invests blood vessels

Question 27

What are the layers of the blood brain barrier?

Answer 27

Endothelium Pericyte Astrocyte

Question 28

What is the blood brain barrier used for?

Answer 28

To keep blood off of neurons

Question 29

What are the vast majority of blood vessels lined by?

Answer 29

Endothelium

Question 30

What do astrocytes do?

Answer 30

Help to form the blood brain barrier

Question 31

What is the cerebrum?

Answer 31

Higher centers

Question 32

What does the cerebrum consist of?

Answer 32

Gray matter | White matter

Question 33

Where is the gray matter of the cerebrum?

Answer 33

Outer/cortical surfaces

Question 34

Where is the white matter of the cerebrum?

Answer 34

Central area/medulla

Question 35

What is the gyri?

Answer 35

The ridge of the cerebrum

Question 36

What is the sulci?

Answer 36

The grooves of the cerebrum

Question 37

What does the cerebellum do?

Answer 37

Coordination

Question 38

What are the fronds of the cerebellum called?

Answer 38

Folia

Question 39

Where is the gray matter of the cerebellum?

Answer 39

Cortex

Question 40

Where is the white matter of the cerebellum?

Answer 40

Medulla

Question 41

What is the cerebellar hypoplasia?

Answer 41

The cerebellum does not grow its full size

Question 42

What is the outer most layer of the cerebellum called?

Answer 42

Molecular layer

Question 43

What is the inner layer of the gray matter called?

Answer 43

Granular layer

Question 44

What does the brain stem do?

Answer 44

Subconscious control Body temp and blood pressure are maintained here Gastric motility is controlled here

Question 45

What are nuclei in the brain stem?

Answer 45

Collection of nerve cell bodies

Question 46

What is spinal cord named by?

Answer 46

Vertebrae

Question 47

Where is the white matter in the spinal cord?

Answer 47

Cortex

Question 48

Where is the gray matter in the spinal cord?

Answer 48

Medulla