Exam 3 – Lecture 25: GI 4

Question 1

What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine?

Answer 1

Exocrine has ducts

Endocrine is ductless

Question 2

What comes from exocrine secretions of the pancreas?

Answer 2

Digestive enzymes (acini, proteases, lipases, etc)

Question 3

What comes from endocrine seccretions of the pancreas?

Answer 3

Metabolic hormones (inuslin, glucagon, somatostatin)

Question 4

What do islets produce?

Answer 4

Insulin
Glucagon
Somatostatin

Question 5

Describe the exocrine portion of the pancreas

Answer 5

Acini
Serous gland
Zymogen granules
Bicarbonate

Question 6

What are the zymogen granules in the pancreas?

Answer 6

Trypsinogen 
Chymotrypsinogen
Proteases, peptidases
Lipases
Amylolytic enzymes
Nucleolytic enzymes

Question 7

What is the control of the pancreas?

Answer 7

Neural and hormonal control

Question 8

Describe the endocrine portion of the pancreas

Answer 8

Islets

“Diffuse” (not acinar)

Question 9

What does the enodcrine pancreas do?

Answer 9

Mostly blood glucose control

Question 10

What is involved in the blood glucose control of the endocrine pancreas?

Answer 10

α cells (glucagon)
β cells (insulin)
D cells (somatostatin)

Question 11

What is the largest “gland” in the body?

Answer 11

Liver

Question 12

What does the liver’s function primarily revolve around?

Answer 12

Metabolism of CHOs, lipids, protein production (serum), protein catabolism (NH3), vitamins, minerals, toxins, nd pharmaceuticals

Question 13

What does the liver produce?

Answer 13

Bile, which is important in digestion

Question 14

Describe the gross anatomy of the liver

Answer 14

Anterior abdomen
Lobes (vary with species)
Dual blood supply

Question 15

What is the blood supply for the liver?

Answer 15

Hepatic artery (branch of celiac) 25%
Portal vein (GI, pancreas, spleen drainage) 75%

Question 16

What does the portal vein branch off of?

Answer 16

The abdominal cavity from the aorta

Question 17

What are the constituents of the liver?

Answer 17

Parenchyma
Connective tissues stroma
Vessels
Perisinusoidal spaces

Question 18

What are the lobules of the liver?

Answer 18

Classic
Portal
Acinar

Question 19

What is the classic lobule centered around?

Answer 19

The central vein

Question 20

What does the portal triad consist of?

Answer 20

Branches of the hepatic artery
Portal vein
Bile duct

Question 21

What are sinusoids filled with?

Answer 21

Blood

Question 22

What are sinusoids?

Answer 22

Spaces between hepatocytes

Question 23

What shape are hepatocytes?

Answer 23

Cuboidal

Question 24

What do hepatocytes form?

Answer 24

Anastomosing plates and cords

Question 25

What do hepatocytes do?

Answer 25

High metabolic activity of the mitochondria, ER, golgi, lipid droplets, and glycogen in a hepatocyte

Question 26

What are other cells of the liver?

Answer 26

Discontinuous epithelium
Kupffer cells
Stellate cells

Question 27

What does discontinuous epithelium allow for?

Answer 27

Close contact with hepatocytes

Question 28

What do kupffer cells do?

Answer 28

Immune surveillance
They are resident phagocytes of the liver
Next line of defense after lymph nodes

Question 29

Describe stellate cells

Answer 29

Lipid laden

Involved in vitamin and lipid metabolism

Question 30

What do adjacent hepatocytes form?

Answer 30

Bile canaliculi

Question 31

Where is the first place bile goes when it leaves the hepatocyte?

Answer 31

Bile canaliculi