Trapezius
-elevates and retracts scapula
Rhomboids (major, minor)
-elevate and retract scapula
Levator Scapulae
-elevates scapula
Pectoralis Minor
-protracts and depresses scapula
Serratus Anterior
-protracts and depresses scapula
Pectoralis Major
-flexes and adducts arm/humerus at glenohumeral joint/arm
-originates on axial skeleton
Latissimus Dorsi
- extends and adducts arm at glenohumeral joint/arm
-originates on axial skeleton
Deltoid
-abducts, flexes and extends arm
-originates on scapula
Coracobrachialis
-flexes and adducts arm
Teres Major
-extends and adducts arm
Rotator Cuff Muscles
-provide main support for glenohumeral joint
Subscapularis
-medially rotates arm
-rotator cuff muscle
-wind up for pitch
Supraspinatus
-abducts arm
-rotator cuff muscle
-execute pitch
Infraspinatus
-laterally rotates arm
-rotator cuff muscle
-execute pitch
Teres Minor
- laterally rotates arm, extend arm/shoulder joint
-rotator cuff muscle
-finsih pitch, slow down pitching arm
Anterior Arm Muscles
-flexors of forearm/elbow joint
-biceps brachii
-brachialis
-brachioradialis
Posterior Arm Muscles
-extensors of the forearm/elbow joint
-triceps brachii
-anconeus
Forearm Muscles
-Anterior forearm contains pronator and flexor muscles
Pronators
-pronator teres (more superficial)
-pronator quadratus (deep)
Flexors
-flex wrist MP joints (knuckles) and/or IP joints
-most originate from medial epicondyle of humerus
Flexor Retinaculum
-band of dense irregular connective tissue to hold flexor tendons close to bone.
-space underneath is carpal tunnel
Flexor Carpi Radialis
-flexes wrist and abducts hand
-superficial group
Palmaris Longus
-flexes wrist
-superficial group
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
-flexes wrist and adducts hand
-superficial group
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
-flexes wrist and flexes digits 2 through 5 at the MP and PIP joints (MP=metacarpal-phalangeal PIP=proximal interphalangeal)
-does not move DIP joint
-tendons attach to middle phalanges
-intermediate group
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
- flexes wrist and digits 2-5 at the MP, PIP and DIP joints (DIP=distal interphalangeal)
-tendons attach to distal phalanges
-deep group
Flexor Pollicis Longus
-flexes wrist MP joint, IP joint of thumb
-deep group
Supinator
-supinates forearm
-biceps brachi supinates too
Extensors
-extend wrist MP joints and/or IP joints, most originate from lateral epicondyle of humerus
Extensor Retinaculum
-holds tendons down
-keeps them from bowing out
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
-extends wrist and abducts hand
-superficial group
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
-extends wrist and abducts hand
-superficial group
Extensor Digitorum
-extends wrist and extends digits 2-5 at MP, PIP, and DIP joints
-superficial group
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
-extends wrist and adducts hand
-superficial group
Extensor Pollicis Longus
-:extends thumb
-deep group
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
-extends thumb
-deep group
Abductor Pollicis Longus
-abducts thumb
-deep group
Thenar muscles
-move the thumb
Hypothenar muscles
-move little finger
Midpalmar muscles
-move fingers 2-5
-all of these muscles flex the MP joints and extend the PIP/DIP joints
1. Lumbricals: (4) thin, narrow band of muscles
2. Palmar Interossei: (3) also adduct fingers
3. Dorsal Interossei: (4) also abduct fingers
PAD-DAB
Palmer Interossei ADduct, Dorsal Interossei ABduct
