Naming of Muscles
-actions
-body regions
-attachments
-fiber oreientation
-shape/size
-muscle head/tendons of origin
Epicranius
-composed of the occipitofrontalis muscle and an epicranial aponeurosis (flattened tendon)
Frontal Belly of Occipitofrontalis
-elevates eyebrows and wrinkles skin of forehead
Occipital Belly of Occipitofrontalis
-retracts scalp slightly
Orbicularis Oculi
-closes the eyes
-wink, blink, squint
Orbicularis Oris
-closes and purses lips
-kiss, pucker
Zygomaticus Major
-elevates corner of mouth
-smile
Depressor Anguli Oris
-depresses corner of mouth
-frown
Buccinator
-pulls cheeks against teeth when chewing
-some trumpet players stretch this out
Platysma
-tenses skin of neck, and depresses lower lip
-pout
Masseter
-elevates and protracts mandible
-muscle of mastication
Temporalis
-elevates and retracts mandible
-muscle of mastication
Medial Pterygoid
-elevates mandible and moves mandible side to side
-muscle of mastication
Lateral Pterygoid
-elevates mandible and moves mandible side to side
-muscle of mastication
Genioglossus
-protracts (protrudes) tongue
Styloglossus
- retracts tongue
Hyoglossus
-depresses tongue
Sternocleidomastoid
-each rotates head to one side, together: flex the head/neck
-attaches to sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process
-posterior neck muscle
Splenius Capitis
-each rotates head to one side, together: extend the head/neck
-head bandage
-posterior neck muscle
-Sternocleidomastoid and Slenius Capitis work together to rotate head but they perform opposite functions regarding flexing or extending the neck
Digastric
-elevates hyoid
-depresses mandible
-suprahyoid muscle
-anterior neck muscle
Stylohyoid
-elevates hyoid bone
-suprahyoid muscle
-anterior neck muscle
Mylohyoid
-elevates hyoid and raises floor of mouth
-suprahyoid muscle
-anterior neck muscle
Geniohyoid
- elevates hyoid bone
-suprahyoid muscle
-anterior neck muscle
Sternohyoid
-depresses hyoid
-infrahyoid muscle
-anterior neck muscle
Omohyoid
-depresses hyoid
-infrahyoid muscle
-anterior neck muscle
Sternothyroid
-depresses thyroid cartilage (not bone)
-infrahyoid muscle
-anterior neck muscle
Thyrohyoid
-depresses hyoid and raises thyroid cartilage
-infrahyoid muscle
-anterior neck muscle
Superficial Back Muscles
-move the scapula and humerus
Quadratus Lumborum
-together: extend lumbar vertebral column
-unilaterally: each laterally flexes vert column
-deep back muscle
Erector Spinae Group of Muscles
-Extend vertebral column
-Consists of:
a. Iliocostalis: lateral
b. longissimus: intermediate
c. spinalis: medial
-deep back muscles
Superficial Thorax Muscles
-move upper limb, not ribs
Deep Thorax Muscles
-respiration muscles
Diaphragm
-contraction pulls the central portion down, increasing vertical dimensions of thorax
-deep thorax muscle
External Intercostals
-elevate ribs during inhalation
-fibers run inferomedially
-deep thorax muscle
Internal Intercostals
-depress ribs during exhalation
-fibers run inferolaterally
-deep thorax muscle
External Abdominal Oblique
-bilaterally flex vertebral column andcompress abdominal wall
-unilaterally: lateral flexion of vertebral column
-fibers run inferomedially
-similar to external intercostals
Internal Abdominal Oblique
-bilaterally: flex vertebral column and compress abdominal wall
-unilaterally: lateral flexion of vertebral column
-fibers run inferolaterally
-similar to inferior intercostals
Transversus Abdominus
-bilaterally: flex vertebral column and compress abdominal wall
-unilaterally:laterally flexes vertebral column
Rectus Abdominus
-flex vertebral column and compress abdominal wall
-straight fibers
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum
-close inferior opening of pelvis
-support the pelvic organs
-assist with defecation, voluntary part of urination, and childbirth
