Flashcards in Exam 3: Eye Deck (43):
1
Palpebrae
-eyelids
2
External Landmark: Sclera
-whites of the eye
3
External Landmark: Cornea
-transparent center part in front of the iris
4
External Landmark: Iris
-pigmented part of eye
5
External Landmark: Pupil
-opening of iris
6
Conjunctiva
-lines sclera and eyelid
-function: secretes mucus as a lubricant
7
Conjuctivitis
-pink eye
-imflamed conjunctiva
8
Lacrimal Apparatus (function, structures, contents)
-produces/collects tears (lacrimal fluid)
-consists of lacrimal gland, lacrimal canaliculi, lacrimal puncti, and nasolacrimal duct
-contains water, sodium ions, antibodies (fight infections, lysozyme-antibacterial agent)
9
Lacrimal Gland
-produces and secretes tears
10
Lacrimal Canaliculi
-from lacrimal puncti to nasal lacrimal duct
-drain tears
11
Nasolacrimal Duct
-internal
-drains tears into nasal cavity, where they are eventually swallowed
12
Why do you get a runny nose when you cry?
-overproduction of tears overflows system
13
Medial Recuts
-moves eye medially (adducts)
14
Lateral Rectus
-moves eye laterally (abducts)
15
Superior Rectus
-elevates and moves eye medially (adducts)
16
Inferior Rectus
-depresses and moves eye medially (adducts)
17
Superior Oblique
-depresses (pupil moves inferiorly) and moves eye laterally
-attaches to superior posterior part of eye
18
Inferior Oblique
-elevates (pupil moves superiorly) and moves eye laterally
-attaches to inferior posterior part of eye
19
Website to help learn eye movements
anatomy.hsc.wvu.edu/ReillyDental/VirtualPatients/ExtraocularSkeletalMuscle.swf
20
Lens
-biconvex, transparent structure inside eyeball
-function: refracts light rays
-held in place by suspensory ligaments
21
Suspensory Ligaments
-actually change shape of lens due to what type of vision
How?
-when taut, make lens fatter for far vision
-when looser, make lens 'puffier' for near vision
22
Fibrous Tunic
-avascular
-made up of sclera and cornea
23
Sclera (Function)
-supports and maintains eye shape
24
Cornea (Structure)
-curved transparent structure anterior to iris and pupil
25
Vascular Tunic
-contains blood vessels to nourish eye
-consists of choroid, cilliary body, and iris (listed posterior to anterior)
26
Choroid
-dark brown membrane
-function: refracts light rays
27
Cillary Body
-ring of smooth muscle tissue that surrounds the lens
-attaches to lens via suspensory ligaments
-functions: changes pull on suspensory ligaments and secretes aqueous humor
-far vision: cilliary relaxes, suspensory tight
-near vision: cillary contract, suspensory loose
28
Aqueous Humor
-fluid very similar to CSF in composition and function
-brings nutrients in and removes waste
-drains into dural venous sinuses
29
Iris
-pigmented colored part of eye
-contains pupil
-function: constricts or dilates pupil to regulate amount of light entering eye
30
Retina
-converts light rays to nerve impulses
-consists of pigmented layer and neural layer
31
Pigmented Layer
-outer layer of retina adjacent to choroid
-function: absorb stray light rays
32
Neural Layer
-inner layer of retina
-function: its photoreceptors receive light information and convert it into nerve impulses that are sent, via CN II (optic nerve) to the brain
-2 types: rods and cones
33
Rods
-work in dim/low light
-image fuzzy not very sharp
34
Cones
-work in bright light, produce clear, sharp image
-perceive color
35
Glaucoma
-buildup of pressure in space containing aqueous humor
-1 cause: increased pressure in space-not draining properly (too much aqueous humor)
-can cause blindess
36
Optic Disc (Blind Spot)
-area where the optic nerve exists the eye
-contains no photoreceptors-only axons
37
Macula Lutea
-lateral to optic disc
-in center is Fovea Centralis
38
Fovea Centralis
-area of sharpest vision
-only cones (so needs light)
39
Anterior Cavity
-between cornea and lens
-filled with aqueous humor
40
Posterior Cavity
-between lens and retina
-contains vitreous humor
41
Vitreous umor
-gelatinous-helps maintain shape of eye
-not constantly made
-have same amount since birth
42
Pathway of Processing Visual Information
-light rays enter eye through cornea and are refracted
-light rays are further refracted by lens
-light rays focus on retina
-light ray information is converted to nerve impulses by photoreceptors
-nerve impulses transmitted to the brain via CN II (Optic Nerve)
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