Exam 2: Objectives 34-42

Question 1

what are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary?

Answer 1

oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

Question 2

which gland secretes calcitonin?

Answer 2

thyroid gland

Question 3

where are the cell bodies and dendrites for the posterior pituitary?

Answer 3

in the hypothalamus

Question 4

which organ synthesizes water soluble hormones?

Answer 4

liver

Question 5

what type of receptor detects glucose levels?

Answer 5

chemoreceptor

Question 6

which gland secretes melatonin?

Answer 6

pineal gland

Question 7

what connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus (thin stalk)?

Answer 7

infundibulum

Question 8

which part of the pituitary secretes hypothalamic hormones (doesn’t produce its own)?

Answer 8

posterior pituitary

Question 9

increases secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

Answer 9

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 10

which type of hormone readily dissolves in plasma, has a faster response time, and is easily transported?

Answer 10

water-soluble hormones

Question 11

regulates mammary growth and breast milk production

Answer 11

prolactin

Question 12

this hormone is released in response to decreased blood calcium levels

Answer 12

parathyroid hormone

Question 13

in what form are fatty acids stored?

Answer 13

triglycerides

Question 14

which hormone regulates metabolic rate?

Answer 14

thyroid hormone

Question 15

which hormone regulates chronic stress adaptation?

Answer 15

cortisol

Question 16

which is the larger part of the pituitary gland?

Answer 16

anterior pituitary

Question 17

regulates release of thyroid hormone from thyroid gland

Answer 17

thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 18

small clusters of endocrine cells scattered among exocrine cells in pancreas

Answer 18

pancreatic islet cells

Question 19

exocrine cells of the pancreas that secrete digestive enzymes

Answer 19

pancreatic acini

Question 20

which part of the adrenal glands synthesizes glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineral corticoids (aldosterone), gonadocorticoids (testosterone/estrogen)?

Answer 20

adrenal cortex

Question 21

this hormone works against parathyroid hormone to decrease blood calcium levels

Answer 21

calcitonin

Question 22

which hormone regulates tissue growth and maintenance?

Answer 22

growth hormone

Question 23

which hormones of the anterior pituitary is stimulated by GnRH of the hypothalamus?

Answer 23

FSH/LH

Question 24

which is the portal/venous part of the pituitary gland?

Answer 24

anterior pituitary

Question 25

interaction type: activity of one hormone opposing effects of another hormone

Answer 25

antagonistic interaction

Question 26

regulate hormone synthesis by the gonads; production and maturation of gametes

Answer 26

follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

Question 27

increases secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone

Answer 27

thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Question 28

what are the 2 types of stimulation caused by local hormones?

Answer 28

autocrine and paracrine

Question 29

which pancreatic islet cells secrete insulin?

Answer 29

beta cells

Question 30

what inhibits growth hormone?

Answer 30

somatostatin

Question 31

axons extending from hypothalamus to posterior pituitary

Answer 31

hypothalmo-hypophyseal tract

Question 32

which hormone regulates reproductive function, milk production?

Answer 32

prolactin

Question 33

which pancreatic islet cells secrete glucagon?

Answer 33

alpha cells

Question 34

what are the 6 hormones produced in the anterior pituitary?

Answer 34

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) LH (luteinizing hormone) ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) PRL (prolactin) GH (growth hormone)

Question 35

which is the neural part of the pituitary gland?

Answer 35

posterior pituitary

Question 36

which hormone conserves sodium in the body (excrete less sodium to increase plasma osmolarity)?

Answer 36

aldosterone

Question 37

what structure directly controls hormone release from the pituitary gland?

Answer 37

hypothalamus

Question 38

which 3 hormones stimulate prolactin?

Answer 38

TRH, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), oxytocin

Question 39

interaction type: activity of one hormone requiring second hormone

Answer 39

permissive interaction

Question 40

excessive growth hormone production in adult; increased release of glucose; loss of feedback control of GH

Answer 40

acromegaly

Question 41

interaction type: activity of one hormone reinforcing activity of another hormone

Answer 41

synergistic interaction

Question 42

increases secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer 42

corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Question 43

hormone type: lipid-soluble, formed from cholesterol, produced by gonads and adrenal cortex

Answer 43

steroid hormones

Question 44

what is the flow of hormone release in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis?

Answer 44

hypothalamus: corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) anterior pituitary: adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) adrenal cortex: cortisol

Question 45

hormone type: water-soluble, derived from amino acid that is modified

Answer 45

biogenic amine

Question 46

which cells are destroyed in someone who has type 1 diabetes?

Answer 46

beta cells

Question 47

which part of the adrenal glands releases epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Answer 47

adrenal medulla

Question 48

which type of hormone doesn't readily dissolve, has a slower response time, and requires carrier molecules for transport?

Answer 48

lipid-soluble hormones

Question 49

what is another name for dopamine?

Answer 49

prolactin-inhibiting hormone

Question 50

large group of signaling molecules that do not circulate within the blood; released from the cells that produce them

Answer 50

local hormones

Question 51

stimulates adrenal cortex to produce and secrete glucocorticoids

Answer 51

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 52

hormone type: water-soluble, consists of amino acid chains ex: insulin

Answer 52

protein hormones

Question 53

stimulates cell growth and division

Answer 53

growth hormone

Question 54

this type of hormone increases nutrient levels in the blood and attempts to resist stress and repair injured tissue

Answer 54

glucocorticoids