Exam 3: Objectives 48-51

Question 1

what happens to blood flow during static exercise?

Answer 1

it’s reduced to the working muscle: vasoconstriction, increased resistance

Question 2

what happens to blood flow during dynamic exercise?

Answer 2

it’s increased to the working muscles: vasodilation, decreased resistance

Question 3

the last sound heard while cuff is being deflated

Answer 3

diastolic BP

Question 4

what are the 3 variables that regulate stroke volume?

Answer 4

venous return, contractility, resistance

Question 5

what are the afferent components of blood pressure regulation?

Answer 5

proprioceptors, baroreceptors, chemoreceptors

Question 6

how can you regulate BP?

Answer 6

change CO, resistance, blood volume

Question 7

where is blood pressure highest?

Answer 7

aorta and systemic arteries

Question 8

what is the effect of positive chronotropic agents on HR?

Answer 8

increases HR

Question 9

resistance in arteries to ejection of blood

Answer 9

afterload

Question 10

what receptors receive the norepi and epi released by the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 10

beta adrenergic on atria and ventricles

Question 11

what regulates the firing of the SA node (and heart rate altogether)?

Answer 11

cardiovascular center of the medulla oblongata

Question 12

what does the parasympathetic nervous system do to decrease HR?

Answer 12

releases ACh via Vagus nerve

Question 13

what are the 3 factors that affect peripheral resistance?

Answer 13

vessel radius, vessel length, blood viscosity

Question 14

volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole (preload)

Answer 14

venous return

Question 15

what is mean arterial pressure?

Answer 15

diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure

Question 16

volume of blood pumped out each minute by the left ventricle

Answer 16

cardiac output

Question 17

substances that act on the myocardium to alter its contractility

Answer 17

inotropic agents

Question 18

what receptors receive ACh released by the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 18

muscarinic on atria

Question 19

first sound heard through stethoscope after blood flow has been stopped by inflated cuff

Answer 19

systolic BP

Question 20

what are the efferent components of blood pressure regulation?

Answer 20

sympathetic, parasympathetic, vasomotor tone

Question 21

how does ADH affect BP?

Answer 21

increases blood volume

Question 22

sends impulses to arterioles throughout the body producing moderate vasoconstriction

Answer 22

vasomotor tone

Question 23

where is blood pressure lowest?

Answer 23

as it returns to the right atrium

Question 24

what factor influences peripheral resistance the most?

Answer 24

vessel radius

Question 25

which 2 parts of the brain regulate blood pressure and flow?

Answer 25

medullary cardiovascular center and hypothalamus

Question 26

what are the 4 hormones that raise BP?

Answer 26

aldosterone, norepi and epi, antidiuretic hormone

Question 27

what are the effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway?

Answer 27

vasoconstriction and aldosterone (Na, H20, BV all increase)

Question 28

what is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway?

Answer 28

BP goes down \> renin released from kidneys \> Angiotensin I converted to Angiotensin II by ACE

Question 29

what does the sympathetic nervous system do to increase HR?

Answer 29

releases norepinephrine and epinephrine

Question 30

principle that states that the more blood there is in the ventricles, the more contraction strength there will be

Answer 30

Frank Starling's Law

Question 31

which hormone lowers BP?

Answer 31

atrial natriuretic peptide/factor

Question 32

what is average cardiac output?

Answer 32

5,000 mL/min

Question 33

measure of the level of exercise an individual can pursue above rest level

Answer 33

cardiac reserve

Question 34

what is the equation for cardiac output?

Answer 34

CO = Stroke volume x heart rate

Question 35

how does ANF/ANP affect BP?

Answer 35

reduces blood volume

Question 36

where do you place the sphygmomanometer?

Answer 36

over the brachial artery

Question 37

frictional resistance in the arteries; inversely related to stroke volume

Answer 37

total peripheral resistance (afterload)

Question 38

what is pulse pressure?

Answer 38

systolic BP - diastolic BP

Question 39

what are the effects of norepi and epi on the cardiovascular system?

Answer 39

increase HR, vasoconstriction

Question 40

what is the equation for blood pressure?

Answer 40

BP = CO x Resistance

Question 41

140 or greater systolic BP; 90 or greater diastolic BP

Answer 41

hypertension