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Physiology 2232 > Exam 4: Renal > Flashcards

Exam 4: Renal Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

what supplies the kidney with blood?

A

renal artery

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2
Q

what is the blood supply for the convoluted tubules?

A

peritubular capillaries

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3
Q

which limb of the loop of Henle allows sodium to leave?

A

ascending

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4
Q

what regulates GFR?

A

sympathetic nervous system and kidneys

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5
Q

what is not able to pass through the filter of the glomerulus?

A

blood cells and plasma proteins

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6
Q

what is the response of the afferent arteriole if the GFR is low?

A

dilate the AA

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7
Q

which cells produce renin?

A

juxtaglomerular cells

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8
Q

what does dilating the afferent arteriole achieve?

A

increased blood volume

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9
Q

by what process does secretion occur?

A

active transport

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10
Q

this hormone is stimulated when plasma osmolarity is high

A

ADH

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11
Q

these muscles surround the urethra

A

sphincters

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12
Q

what does filtration require?

A

filter and pressure

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13
Q

which hormone affects the permeability of the collecting duct of the renal tubule?

A

ADH

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14
Q

what is the average GFR of a 70kg person?

A

125 ml/min

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15
Q

in a case of increased BP or osmolarity, what is the GFR?

A

GFR is high

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16
Q

what is the response of the body to high osmolarity?

A

increase ADH, ANF, decrease aldosterone

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17
Q

chemical from garlic/artichokes that should be completely excreted

A

inulin

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18
Q

this hormone is stimulated when blood volume is too high

A

ANF

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19
Q

what does it mean if 100% of inulin is not excreted?

A

GFR is too slow

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20
Q

what are the 2 parts of a nephron?

A

glomerulus and renal tubule

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21
Q

by what process are nutrients reabsorbed?

A

active transport

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22
Q

what is able to pass through the filter of the glomerulus?

A

water and solutes

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23
Q

when is renin released?

Study These Flashcards
A

when BP is low

24
Q

what is the pressure called in the capillaries?

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A

glomerular hydrostatic pressure

25
forms a filtrate from blood that is free of cells and proteins
glomerulus
26
this hormone makes the collecting ducts more permeable to water, resulting in more water reabsorption
ADH
27
which limb of the loop of Henle allows water to leave?
descending
28
these smooth muscles line the wall of the urinary bladder and are innervated by parasympathetic neurons
detrusor muscles
29
where is filtration pressure highest?
in the capillaries
30
when a substance moves from the tubule back into the peritubular capillaries
tubular reabsorption
31
how does the sympathetic nervous system regulate GFR?
decreases blood flow to the kidneys
32
a measure of how quickly a substance is removed from the blood
clearance
33
volume of filtrate formed per minute
glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
34
what releases ADH?
posterior pituitary
35
where does the counter current mechanism occur?
loop of Henle
36
If H+ is secreted, what is saved/reabsorbed?
K+
37
when a substance moves from the peritubular capillaries to the tubule
tubular secretion
38
what are the 3 steps to urine formation?
glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion
39
makes urine by altering the blood volume and composition
nephron
40
filtration rate + secretion rate - reabsorption rate
excretion rate
41
where are receptors for plasma osmolarity?
hypothalamus
42
where is the main site of secretion?
distal convoluted tubule
43
what brings blood to the glomerulus?
afferent arteriole
44
under what type of innervation is the micturition reflex?
parasympathetic
45
this hormone causes loss of water and Na+
ANF
46
what is the response of the afferent arteriole if the GFR is high?
constrict the AA
47
if you save Na+ (with Aldosterone), what will be lost?
K+
48
functional unit in the kidney
nephron
49
takes filtrate and adds or removes substances
renal tubule
50
what does vasoconstriction or vasodilation of afferent arterioles do?
changes filtration rate
51
in a case of decreased BP or osmolarity, what is the GFR?
GFR is low
52
what is the response of the body to low osmolarity?
increase aldosterone, decrease ADH
53
at what point can filtrate be called urine?
when it's past the collecting ducts
54
what empties the glomerulus of blood?
efferent arteriole
55
where does the majority of tubular reabsorption take place?
proximal convoluted tubule
56
what is GFR directly proportional to?
membrane permeability and surface area

Physiology 2232 (17 decks)

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