Exam 2 Part 4

Question 1

Instructions to produce /r/

Answer 1

prolong /ʒ/ then stop while holding that tongue position, think a silent /ʌ/ then say /rʌ/

Question 2

Instructions to produce /ɚ/

Answer 2

Have client say /pʊ/ then prolong the / ʊ/ and tell them to move their tongue backwards; have client prolong /i/ and simultaneously raise the tongue tip or pull the tongue back

Question 3

Articulation/phonological treatment approach that establishes a feature that is lacking; teaching a sound that contains the feature and generalization to other sounds containing that feature

Answer 3

Distinctive features approach

Question 4

What are the 4 steps to the distinctive features approach?

Answer 4

Discussion of words (knowing what word is being targeted by the stimuli), discrimination of testing and training (making sure they can discriminate among the sounds), production training, carryover training (make sure the child is producing the speech sounds in conversational speech)

Question 5

What is the ultimate goal of articulation/phonological therapy?

Answer 5

Generalization

Question 6

If the child is correctly producing the sound ___% in conversation, generalization will likely to occur

Answer 6

50%

Question 7

Therapy approach that have 2 words that differ by one sound

Answer 7

Minimal pair contrast

Question 8

Differ by one feature

Answer 8

Minimal opposition contrasts

Question 9

Differ by multiple features, may increase generalization

Answer 9

Maximal opposition contrasts

Question 10

Multiple phonemes collapsed into a single sound

Answer 10

Maximal oppositions

Question 11

What is an example of maximal oppositions?

Answer 11

/l/, /r/, and /w/. Using words such as lay, ray, way

Question 12

What is an example of maximal opposition contrasts?

Answer 12

/k/ and /z/

Question 13

What is an example of a minimal opposition contrast?

Answer 13

/t/ and /k/ only differ by place

Question 14

What is an example of a minimal pair contrast?

Answer 14

Beep and bee, grow and grown)

Question 15

What is the treatment protocol for minimal pair training?

Answer 15

Select a contrast based on the child’s phonological error, perceptual minimal contrast training, pretest motor production in target words, imitation of target words, minimal contrasts, produce target words in carrier phrases, produce both words in a carrier phrase

Question 16

Awareness of sound characteristics; changes the sound patterns, targets metalinguistic skills

Answer 16

Metaphon therapy

Question 17

What are the steps of sound level in metaphon therapy?

Answer 17

Concept level (long vs. short is used to distinguish stops and fricatives), sound level (let’s make a long and short sound not speech sounds), phoneme level (can you tell me if it’s a long sound or short sound), word level (can you point to the word that has the long sound),

Question 18

What are the steps of phonology and communication in metaphor therapy?

Answer 18

Minimal pair level, sentence level (put into carrier phrases)

Question 19

Therapy approach that includes auditory stimulation, production of the speech sound, and play activities with naming pictures and objects

Answer 19

Cycles approach

Question 20

How long does the cycles approach take?

Answer 20

5-16 weeks