Exam 2: Remaining Material Flashcards by Rachel Smith

Pulmonary and aortic valves lack

Chordae tendineae and papillary muscles

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Semilunar valves ______ during ventricular contraction

Open

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Atrioventricular valves _____ during ventricular contraction

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Semilunar valves each contain

3 semilunar cusps

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3 features of semilunar cusps

Nodules
Lunules
Pulmonary/aortic sinuses

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Nodules

Central thickenings on free edge of cusp

**button on pocket

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Lunules

Thin, crescentic part of cusps

**rim of pocket

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Pulmonary/aortic sinuses

Spaces between cusps and walls of vessel

**inside pocket

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Components of Fibrous skeleton of heart

Fibrous rings
L and R fibrous trigones
Membranous part of septal wall

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Functions of fibrous skeleton

Structural framework for valves

Insulate electrical impulses

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R and L coronary arteries arise from

Aorta — just superior to aortic valve

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Blood pressure in coronary arteries is low due to

Position of the openings in aortic sinus

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Right coronary artery branches

Sinuatrial nodal
Right marginal
Posterior interventricular

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Coronary arteries lie deep to

Epicardium on surface of myocardium

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Left coronary artery branches

Anterioe interventricular

Circumflex

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Circumflex artery gives rise to

Left marginal artery

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Coronary artery dominance

Which coronary artery gives rise to posterior interventricular artery

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Most individuals have what side dominance

Right coronary dominance

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Right coronary distribution

RA
RV
Diaphragmatic surface of LV
Posterior 1/3 of IV septum
Conduction system

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Left coronary distribution

LA
Most LV
Part of RV
Anterior 2/3 of IV septum

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Anastamoses occur on heart between

Right coronary and circumflex

Anterior and posterior interventricular arteries

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Largest vein of heart

Coronary sinus

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Coronary sinus lies within

Coronary sulcus

Drains into RA

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5 tributaries of coronary sinus

Great cardiac
Middle cardiac
Small cardiac
Posterior vein of Left ventricle
Oblique vein of Left Atrium

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Smallest veins of the heart

Venae cordis minimae Run within walls of heart

Atherosclerosis

Deposition of lipid plaques on inner walls of arteries

Angina pectoris

Chest pain upon exertion Symptom of partial occlusion of coronary artery branches

Myocardial infarction

Coronary artery branch becomes completely occluded

Most common sites for myocardial infarction

Anterior interventricular (MC) Right coronary Circumflex

Heart has its own ________ and does not require _______ to beat rhythmically

Contractile mechanism; nerve supply

Nerve supply necessary to

Alter rate of beating

Sympathetic activation on heart beat

Increases HR and strength of contraction | Dilates coronary arteries

Parasympathetic activation on heart beat

Decreases HR and strength of contraction | Constricts coronary arteries

2 division of cardiac plexus

Superficial | Deep

Superficial cardiac plexus location

Beneath arch of aorta, anterior to pulmonary trunk

Deep cardiac plexus location

Posterior to arch of aorta

Sympathetic innervation comes from

Sympathetic trunk (T1-4)

Parasympathetic innervation comes from

Vagus nerve

Conduction system of heart is NOT nerve tissue but is

Specialized cardiac muscle fibers

Sinuatrial node

Pacemaker of the heart

Sinuatrial node location

Upper end of crista terminalis

Atrioventricular node

Located in septal wall, above opening for coronary sinus

Atrioventricular bundle location

Within septal wall

Atrioventricular bundle divides into:

Right and left bundle branches

Right bundle branch

Enters septomarginal trabecula of RV

Left bundle branch

Enters papillary muscles of LV

Subendocardial plexus of conduction cells

Joined by branches of L and R bundle branch

Conduction impulse pathway

SA node—atrial wall—AV node—AV bundle—L and R bundle branches—subendocardial plexus—myocardium

Great vessels that exit the heart

Aorta | Pulmonary trunk

Great vessels that enter the heart

Pulmonary veins SVC IVC

Ligamentum arteriosum is the remnant of

Embryonic ductus arteriosus

Ligamentum arteriosum connects

Arch of aorta to left pulmonary artery at level of sternal angle

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks under

Aortic arch, posterior to ligamentum arteriosum

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve prone to

Compression in an aortic aneurysm

Right recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks under

Right subclavian artery

Thoracic duct begins in abdomen as

Cisterna chyli

Cisterna chyli formed by

Intestinal, lumbar, and descending intercostal trunks

Thoracic duct passes through

Aortic hiatus and posterior mediastinum

Thoracic duct crosses over at

T5/6

After crossing to the left is passes posteior to

Left subclavian vein

Thoracic duct empties into

Junction of left internal jugular and subclavian veins

Thoracic duct drains entire body except

Right upper extremity Right thoracic cavity Right side of head and neck