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OLD "MBS 603" > Exam 4 Condensed NEW > Flashcards

Exam 4 Condensed NEW Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

How much glucose, amino acids, and carboxylates are reabsorbed in proximal tubule?

A

almost 100%

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2
Q

What 2 mechanisms auto-regulate renal function?

A

myogenic mechanism
tubuloglomerular feedback

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3
Q

What drives the reabsorption of Na+ in the early proximal tubule?

A

negative Vte

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4
Q

What is Liddle Syndrome?

A

increases ENac activity

causes more Na+ reabsorption and high BP

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5
Q

What is a loop diuretic?

A

inhibits Na/K/Cl co-transporter

targets thick ascending limb

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6
Q

What transporter reabsorbs NaCl in the distal tubule?

A

thiazide-sensitive NaCl co-transporter

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7
Q

Where is the most HCO3- reabsorbed?

A

proximal tubule

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8
Q

Fluid movement up the thick/thin ascending limb becomes more __________

A

diluted

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9
Q

What is special about principle cells in the distal tubule?

A

Na+ reabsorption stimulated by aldosterone

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10
Q

What transporter reabsorbs NaCl in thick ascending limb?

A

Na+/K+/Cl- co-transporter

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11
Q

What are the 2 fates of H+ secreted in the lumen?

A
  1. make new HCO3- (combines with OH- to make water)
  2. secreted as a titratable acid
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12
Q

What is the HCO3- pump and the H+ pump located on alpha-intercalated cells?

A

HCO3-: basolateral side
H+: apical side

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13
Q

What cell type performs HCO3- secretion in the distal tubule?

A

beta-intercalated cells (HCO3-/Cl- exchanger)

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14
Q

What 2 ions are mainly transported paracellularly in the thick ascending limb?

A

Mg2+
Ca2+

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15
Q

What 2 things are needed to make a concentrated urine?

A
  1. H2O permeable nephron segments
  2. hyper-osmotic medullary interstitum
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16
Q

What are 2 stimulators of ADH?

A

** 1. increased plasma osmolarity
2. decreased ECF

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17
Q

What transporter reabsorbs Na+ in principle cells of the collecting duct?

A

ENac

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18
Q

What is the osmotic equillibrium of the counter-current loop?

A

entering fluid is isosmotic but turns hyperosmotic as water is reabsorbed in tDLH

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19
Q

Increased filtration = increased tubule flow = ___________ reabsorption

A

increased reabsorption (increased osmotic pressure)

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20
Q

Where is most of the Ca2+ reabsorbed?

A

thick ascending limb

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21
Q

What is the single effect of the counter-current loop?

A

movement of NaCl out of ascending limb increases the osmolarity of interstitum

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22
Q

How does the thick ascending limb play a role in acid secretion?

A

Na+/HCO3- exchanger
- HCO3- reabsorption

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23
Q

What cell type performs H+ secretion in the collecting duct/distal tubule?

A

alpha-intercalated cells (H+/K+ pump)

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24
Q

What 3 segments of the nephron participate in acid secretion?

A

proximal tubule
thick ascending limb
cortical collecting duct

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25
What is the role of ADH?
increase water reabsorption by inserting more aquaporins
26
What is the Vte of principle cells in the collecting ducts and why?
-40 mV ENac is pulling Na+ out of lumen
27
How does the early proximal tubule play a role in acid secretion?
Na/HCO3- exchanger - HCO3- reabsorption H+ secretion
28
What’s the normal HCO3-?
24
29
What is the Vte of beta-intercalated cells in the collecting duct and why?
-40 mV HCO3- is being pumped into lumen via HCO3-/Cl- exchanger
30
What is the Vte of the thick ascending limb and why?
+10 mV lots of K+ channels pump K+ into lumen
31
How does auto-regulation of renal function via the tubuloglomerular feedback work?
single nephron senses increase in lumenal NaCl (at macula densa) increased constriction of arterioles decreased GFR/RBF
32
What is aldosterone’s affect on NaCl reabsorption?
increases
33
What are the 2 steps to generating a hyperosmotic medullary interstitum?
1. reabsorb H2O in tDLH 2. reabsorb NaCl in TAL
34
Does glutamine breakdown or urea formation make new HCO3-?
glutamine breakdown
35
What are the 2 factors that affect GT balance?
peritubular factors (change in starling forces) luminal factors (tubule flow
36
What is Gitelman Syndrome?
defective thiazide-sensitive NaCl co-transporter less NaCl reabsorption = more concentrated urine
37
0
0
38
What transporter do beta-intercalated cells use to transport Cl-?
HCO3-/Cl- exchanger - aids in HCO3- secretion
39
What is the HCO3- pump and the H+ pump located on beta-intercalated cells?
HCO3-: apical side H+: basolateral side
40
What cells are affected by ADH?
principle cells
41
What are 2 reasons kidneys excrete H+ into lumen?
reabsorb filtered HCO3- excrete non-volatile acids
42
hat’s the role of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in kidney function?
contains masala dense and aids in tubuloglomerulus feedback (autoregulation)
43
What is the difference between Cl- transport in the early vs late proximal tubule?
early: only paracellular late: trans and paracellular2
44
What nephron segment is referred to as the "reabsorbed"?
proximal tubule
45
What nephron segment "concentrates NaCl in the interstitum"?
loop of henle
46
What segment of the nephron "tightly regulates solute/H2O reabsorption"
DT and CD
47
What does the juxtaglomerulus release?
renin --> AT II
48
Does the early or late PT have more complex cells?
early
49
_____ reabsorption drives Cl- and H2O reabsorption in the PT
Na+
50
How much K+ is reabsorbed in the PT?
67%
51
How much Mg2+ is reabsorbed in the PT?
15%
52
How much Mg2+ is reabsorbed in the TAL?
70%
53
What part of the nephron contains the macala densa?
LH
54
What 2 sections of the nephron have complex cells?
PT TAL
55
What section of the nephron has the most K+ channels on the apical side?
TAL
56
Why is Mg2+ reabsorption dominant over Ca2+ in the TAL?
paracellin-1
57
Does the DCT and CCT reabsorb both Na and Cl?
yes
58
Do alpha or beta-intercalated cells reabsorbed Cl- and NOT Na+?
beta intercalated
59
When ADH is present, does H2O permeability increase or decrease?
increase
60
What transporter on alpha-intercalated reabsorbs K+?
H/K pump
61
What is the HCO3- reabsorption channel in the TAL?
HCO3-/Cl-
62
What is the HCO3- reabsorption channel in the PT?
HCO3-/Na+
63
What is the H+ apical pump in the PT and TAL?
Na+/H+ pump

OLD "MBS 603" (22 decks)

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