Reproduction -- Exam 5

Question 1

If a gonad has a Y chromosome is the Wolffian duct or Mullerian duct developed to make testis?

Answer 1

Wollfian

Question 2

Presence of ________ will cause regression of Mullerian duct if the gonad is a male

Answer 2

AMH

Question 3

____ and ____ promotes development of the Wolffian duct if the gonad is a male

Answer 3

LH
hCG

Question 4

What enzyme converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to make the external male reproductive anatomy

Answer 4

5-alpha-reductase

Question 5

What is the role of the seminiferous tubules in male reproduction?

Answer 5

gives rise to sperm

Question 6

What is the role of Leydig cells in male reproduction?

Answer 6

makes testosterone

Question 7

What is the role of Sertoli cells in male reproduction?

Answer 7

nurtures the sperm and makes the blood testis barrier

Question 8

What are the 4 stage of sperm when undergoing spermatogenesis?

Answer 8

1. spermatagonia
2. spermatocytes
3. spermatids
4. spermatoza

Question 9

What stage of spermogenesis do the sperm undergo two meiotic divisions to become haploid?

Answer 9

spermatocytes

Question 10

Sertoli cells have sperm attached to them to nourish them but what else does it do in sperm development?

Answer 10

removes cytoplasm

Question 11

Where does sperm maturation occur?

Answer 11

epididymus (above testis)

Question 12

What is the acrosome of the sperm?

Answer 12

tip

Question 13

Where is the first place the sperm go after being made in the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 13

epididymus

Question 14

___________ is a precursor for estrogen

Answer 14

testosterone

Question 15

What enzyme promotes testosterone to convert into estrogen?

Answer 15

aromatase

Question 16

What hormone promotes aromatase to convert testosterone into estrogen?

Answer 16

FSH

Question 17

When making testosterone, _____ enhances the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone

Answer 17

LH

Question 18

____ induces testosterone production by stimulating Laydig cells

Answer 18

LH

Question 19

_______ stimulates spermatotgenesis by activating Sertoli cells

Answer 19

FSH

Question 20

What hormone released by the anterior pituitary promotes LH and FSH secretion?

Answer 20

GnRH

Question 21

Activated Sertoli cells secrete _______ that will inhibit secretion of FSH to enhance more testosterone production in males

Answer 21

inhibin

Question 22

What hormone interacts with Leydig cells?

Answer 22

LH

Question 23

What hormone interacts with Sertoli cells?

Answer 23

FSH

Question 24

What is the role of seminal vesicles?

Answer 24

nourish sperm

Question 25

What is the role of Bulbourethreal gland?

Answer 25

secretes fluid for lubrication and neutralizes acidic pH of urethra

Question 26

What is the role of the prostate gland?

Answer 26

secretes fluid that neutralizes acid vaginal pH to increase sperm mobility

Question 27

What is the phase for remembering stages of nutting?

Answer 27

Point and Shoot P: parasympatheic S: sympathetic

Question 28

What is the mechanism of erectile dysfunction pills?

Answer 28

Blocks PDE5 = high cGMP = relaxation of smooth muscles = increased blood flow

Question 29

If a gonad has a XX chromosome is the Wolffian duct or Mullerian duct developed?

Answer 29

Mullerian duct

Question 30

Where does fertilization occur?

Answer 30

fallopian tubues

Question 31

__________ is secreted to cause contractions of the myometrium to aid in fertilization

Answer 31

estrogen

Question 32

__________ can exert both negative and positive feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary to inhibit or stimulate FSH/LH

Answer 32

estrogen

Question 33

Gonadal hormones (FSH/LH) can act on the _______ pituitary and hypothalamus

Answer 33

anterior

Question 34

Just like in males, _____ promotes the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone

Answer 34

LH

Question 35

Just like in males, _____ promotes the conversion of testosterone to estrogen via aromatase

Answer 35

FSH

Question 36

E1 estrogen is known as the estrogen of ...

Answer 36

menopause

Question 37

E3 estrogen is known as the estrogen of ...

Answer 37

pregnancy

Question 38

During fetal development, oocytes are halted at meiosis ___ making it a primary oocyte

Answer 38

1

Question 39

When a oocyte is halted at meiosis 1 its a _______ oocyte

Answer 39

primary oocyte

Question 40

ALL FOLLICLES CONTAIN ___________ OOCYTES

Answer 40

primary

Question 41

What follicle is referred to as the "oocyte reserve"?

Answer 41

primordial follicle

Question 42

What is the difference betwen primordial and primary follicles

Answer 42

primary has a single layer of granulosa cells

Question 43

What is the role of granulosa cells for the follicle?

Answer 43

nourish and support

Question 44

What is the difference between primary and secondary follicle?

Answer 44

secondary have theca cells and multiple layers of granulosa cells

Question 45

What is the role of theca cells covering secondary follicle?

Answer 45

responds to LH to produce testosterone--> estrogen

Question 46

______ oocytes are halted in meiosis 2

Answer 46

secondary

Question 47

Secondary oocytes are halted in meiosis 2 but what is required for this to happen?

Answer 47

graffian follicle ruptures

Question 48

______ stimulates follicular cells to transform into granulosa cells (characteristic of primary follicle)

Answer 48

FSH

Question 49

FSH stimulates granulosa cells to convert androgens to _________

Answer 49

estrogen

Question 50

_____ stimulates theca cells to synthesize androgens

Answer 50

LH

Question 51

What triggers resumption of meiosis in oocytes?

Answer 51

LH surge

Question 52

What is the left over follicle called after it's ruptured?

Answer 52

corpus luteum

Question 53

What does the corpus luteum produce?

Answer 53

progestrone

Question 54

What is the most important hormone in the follicular phase?

Answer 54

FSH

Question 55

What is the 3 phases of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 55

1. follicular phase 2. ovulation 3. luteal phase

Question 56

As the follicular phase progresses, ________ is mainly produces

Answer 56

estrogen

Question 57

Why is estrogen mainly produced during the follicular phase?

Answer 57

thickens and vascularizes the endometrium

Question 58

What is the main hormone secreted during the luteal phase?

Answer 58

progestrone

Question 59

Why is progesterone the main hormone in the luteal phase?

Answer 59

tells myometrium to become still to make an easy environment for implantation

Question 60

Inhibin can reduce FSH secretion which is used to induce the ___ ________

Answer 60

LH surge

Question 61

During the midcycle estrogen switches to positive feedback to drive more GnRH and produce more inhibin to suppress FSH so the ____ _______ occurs and LH is now dominant

Answer 61

LH surge

Question 62

During the luteal phase __________ feedback to prevent FSH and LH secretion

Answer 62

progestrone

Question 63

Why does progesterone inhibit FSH and LH in the luteal phase?

Answer 63

prevent another ovulation too soon

Question 64

What are the 2 gonadotropins in women?

Answer 64

Theca cells granulosa cells

Question 65

What are the 2 gonadotropins in males?

Answer 65

Ledig cells Sertoli cells

Question 66

During menopause ___________ cells no longer make estrogen or inhibin

Answer 66

granulosa cells