Exam Four - Renal One

Question 1

3 main function of the kidneys

Answer 1

• homeostatic function
• excretory function (remove waste)
• endocrine function

Question 2

the left kidney sits higher than the right, true or flase?

Answer 2

true (because of the liver on the right)

Question 3

are kidneys intraperitoneal or retroperiotoneal

Answer 3

retro

Question 4

What are the 2 layers of the kidney

Answer 4

cortex and medulla

Question 5

_______% of nephrons are in cortex and are called

Answer 5

80, cortical nephrons

Question 6

_______% of nephrons are in medulla and are called_______

Answer 6

20, justamedullary nephrons

Question 7

describe the blood flow path through the kidneys

Answer 7

renal artery, afferent arteriole (larger), glomerulus, efferent arteriole (smaller), peritubular capillaries/vasa recta, venules, renal veins, inferior vena cava

Question 8

what are the different parts of the nephron?

Answer 8

glomerulus, bowmans capsule, proximal convoluted tuble, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting tubule

Question 9

filtration occurs in

Answer 9

renal corpuscle, fluid from the blood into the lumen of the nephron, called filtrate

Question 10

reabsorption

Answer 10

materials in the filtrate are passed back into the blood, occurs in the peritubular capillaries

Question 11

secretion

Answer 11

material from blood into lumen of tubule, occurs in peritubular capillaries

Question 12

nephron modifies…

Answer 12

fluid volume and osmolarity

Question 13

amount excreted =

Answer 13

amount filtered - amount reabsorbed + amount secreted

Question 14

renal corpuscle

Answer 14

filtration of mostly protein-free plasma from the capillaries into the capsule

Question 15

proximal tubule

Answer 15

isomotic reabsorption of stuff and water. secretion of metabolites

Question 16

loop of henle

Answer 16

reabsorption of ion in excess of water to create dilute fluid in the lumen. countercurrent arrangements contributes to concentrated interstitial fluid in the renal medulla

Question 17

distal nephron

Answer 17

regulated reabsorption of ions and water

Question 18

glomerular capillar endothelium consist of

Answer 18

fenestrated capillaries
glycocalyx
(basement membrane)

Question 19

epithelium of bowmans capsule include

Answer 19

podocytes and mesangial cells

Question 20

What creates a 3 layer filtration barrier

Answer 20

glomerular capillary endothelium, basement membrane, and podocytes

Question 21

what 3 pressures influence glomerular filtration

Answer 21

• capillary blood pressure (Ph)
• capillary colloid osmotic pressure (n)
• capsule fluid pressure (Pfluid)

Question 22

GFR is relatively___-

Answer 22

constant

Question 23

GFR is

Answer 23

volume of fluid filtered per unit of time

Question 24

GFR is influenced by

Answer 24

net filtration pressure (renal blood flow and BP)
filtration coefficient (SA of glomerular capillaries and Permeability of filtration slits)

Question 25

DPR is controlled primarily by regulating blood flow through renal_______-

Answer 25

arterioles

Question 26

increased resistance in afferent arteriole

Answer 26

decreases GFR

Question 27

increased resistance in efferent arteriole

Answer 27

increases GFR

Question 28

decreased resistance in afferent arteriole

Answer 28

increases GFR

Question 29

decreased resistance in efferent arteriole

Answer 29

decreases GFR

Question 30

GFR is subject to _______-

Answer 30

autoregulation

Question 31

What are 3 responses that influence GFR

Answer 31

- myogenic response - tubuloglomerular feedback - hormones/autonomic neurons

Question 32

myogenic response

Answer 32

intrinsic ability of vascular smooth muscle to respond to pressure changes

Question 33

tubuloglomerular feedback

Answer 33

paracrine control macula densa cells detect NaCl in filtrate and granular cells secrete anzyme renin

Question 34

hormones and autonomic neurons influence GFR by...

Answer 34

changing resistance in arterioles and altering the filtration coefficient

Question 35

reabsorption may be active or passive: true or false

Answer 35

true

Question 36

reabsorption of Na requires

Answer 36

cotransport. to get Na+ out requires energy

Question 37

saturation

Answer 37

max rate of transport that occurs when all carriers are occupied by substrate

Question 38

transport max

Answer 38

transport rate at saturation

Question 39

renal threshold

Answer 39

the plasma concentration at which a substance first appears in the urine

Question 40

saturation occurs when _________- and __________- meet

Answer 40

transport max and renal threshold

Question 41

peritubular capillary pressures favor________-

Answer 41

reabsorption

Question 42

OAT is an example of

Answer 42

tertiary active transport

Question 43

clearance is a noninvasive way to measure

Answer 43

GFR rate at which a solute disappears from the body by excretion or by metabolism

Question 44

clearance of x =

Answer 44

(excretion rate of X)/([x] in plasma)

Question 45

_______ and _____ are used to measure GFR

Answer 45

inulin and creatinine

Question 46

true or false, very little Na, Cl, or Ca is excreted

Answer 46

true

Question 47

true or false, all glucose gets reabsorbed

Answer 47

true

Question 48

true or false, all K gets reabsorbed

Answer 48

false, regulated absorption or secretion K depends on K intake

Question 49

true or false, clearance is the same thing as renal handling

Answer 49

false

Question 50

if clearance = GFR

Answer 50

neither absorbed or secreted

Question 51

if clearance < GFR

Answer 51

net reabsorption

Question 52

if clearance > GFR

Answer 52

net secretion

Question 53

filtration rate of x =

Answer 53

[x] plasma x GFR

Question 54

excretion rate of x =

Answer 54

urine flow x [x] urine

Question 55

clearance =

Answer 55

excretion rate of x/[x] plasma

Question 56

insulin clearance is ________ to GFR

Answer 56

equal