Exam One - 1.3 Basic Cell Physiology

Question 1

What are the three main body cavities?

Answer 1

cranial
thoracic
abdominopelvic

Question 2

True or False? All lumens are internal

Answer 2

False - digestive tract

Question 3

What are the three fluid compartments?

Answer 3

Extracellular fluid (ECF) - includes plasma and interstitial fluid
Intracellular fluid (ICF)

Question 4

What are body compartments separated by?

Answer 4

Membranes

Question 5

What are the functions of the membrane?

Answer 5

isolation
regulation
communication
structural
secretion

Question 6

Do membrane lipids form a hydrophobic barrier or a hydrophilic barrier?

Answer 6

hydrophobic

Question 7

Glycosylation

Answer 7

carbs attach to lipids and prteins

Question 8

What is a glycocalyx?

Answer 8

a protective layer on external surface of the cell.
formed by glycolipids and glycoproteins

Question 9

Intracellular compartments

Answer 9

cell membrane
cytoplasm (cytosol, inclusions, cytoskeleton, organelles)
nucleus

Question 10

Inclusions?

Answer 10

lack membrane in the cytosol
are nutrient storage (glycogen granules and lipid droplets)
ribosomes are an example

Question 11

What are the three cytoplasmic protein fibers from smallest to largest?

Answer 11

microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubles

Question 12

What are microfilaments made of?

Answer 12

actin fiber

Question 13

what are intermediate filaments made of?

Answer 13

keratin and neurofilament

Question 14

what are microtubules made of?

Answer 14

tubulin

Question 15

Microvilli are an extension of what fiber outside the cell?

Answer 15

microfilaments

Question 16

Microtubules form what?

Answer 16

centrioles

Question 17

Centrioles are important for what cell function?

Answer 17

cell division/mitosis

Question 18

What do microtubules form outside the cell?

Answer 18

Cilia and flagella

Question 19

What are the five cytoskeleton functions?

Answer 19

1 - cell shape
2 - internal organization
3 - intracellular transport
4 - assembly of cells into tissues
5 - movement

Question 20

How do motor proteins create movement?

Answer 20

Use ATP to create movement along cytoskeletal proteins

Question 21

Myosins create…

Answer 21

muscle contraction

Question 22

Kinesins, dyneins create…

Answer 22

movement of vesicles along microtubules

Question 23

Dyneins create…

Answer 23

movement of cilia and flagella

Question 24

mitochondria

Answer 24

essential role in APT production
double membrane

Question 25

Rough ER

Answer 25

synthesis of proteins

Question 26

smooth ER

Answer 26

synthesis of fatty acids, steroids, and lipids

Question 27

golgi apparatus

Answer 27

sorts, modifies, and packages proteins into vesicles

Question 28

vesicles

Answer 28

can be storage or secretory

Question 29

lysosomes

Answer 29

break down bacteria, old organelles, and proteins "recycling center"

Question 30

peroxisomes

Answer 30

break down fatty acids and toxic material

Question 31

nucelus

Answer 31

cellular control center

Question 32

nuclear envelope

Answer 32

two membranes with pores

Question 33

steps of protein production

Answer 33

transcription translation post-translational modification

Question 34

four types of tissue

Answer 34

epithelial connective muscle neural/nerve

Question 35

histology

Answer 35

study of tissue structure and function

Question 36

What are five types of epethelial tissue?

Answer 36

exchange transporting ciliated protective secretory

Question 37

exchange epithelium

Answer 37

very thin flat cells allow gas exchange line blood vessels and lungs called endothelium in the heart and blood vessels

Question 38

transporting epithelium

Answer 38

apical membrane faces lumen basolateral membrane faces ECM

Question 39

ciliated epithelium

Answer 39

cilia move fluid and particles in respiratory system and female reproductive tract

Question 40

protective epithelia

Answer 40

prevent exchange protect areas subject to mechanical and chemical stress like skin and lining of digestive system lumen

Question 41

secretory epithelium

Answer 41

produce and secrete substance into extracellular space

Question 42

exocrine glands

Answer 42

release products externally

Question 43

serous secretions

Answer 43

watery

Question 44

mucous secretions

Answer 44

viscous/sticky

Question 45

endocrine glands

Answer 45

release hormones internally

Question 46

loose connective tissue

Answer 46

elastic, flexible tissue under skin provide support for organs

Question 47

dense connective tissue

Answer 47

irregular and regular provide strength or flexibility collagen fibers or tendon and ligaments are packed into parallel bundles

Question 48

muscle tissue types

Answer 48

cardiac, smooth, skeletal contractile tissue

Question 49

neural tissue

Answer 49

neurons and glia

Question 50

tissue remodeling

Answer 50

cell death via necrosis (die from outside trauma) or apoptosis (suicide)

Question 51

3 kinds of stem cells

Answer 51

totipotent pluripotent multipotent

Question 52

Organs are...

Answer 52

groups of tissues with related function