Exam Five - Reproductive One

Question 1

What chromosomes do a typical female have?

Answer 1

xx

Question 2

What chromosomes do a typical male have?

Answer 2

xy

Question 3

describe development from fertilization to a fetus

Answer 3

fertilization
zygote
morula
blastocyst
embryo
fetus

Question 4

what is the likelihood of a fertilized egg becoming male? female?

Answer 4

50/50

Question 5

how many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 5

23

Question 6

______ determines sex of zygote

Answer 6

sperm

Question 7

tuner syndrome

Answer 7

missing or incomplete x
1/2000 births
infertile/short

Question 8

klinefelter syndrome

Answer 8

xxy
1-2/1000
in males, causes infertility, small genitalia and muscles, grow breasts, sparse/abnormal body hair

Question 9

jacob’s syndrome

Answer 9

xyy 1/1000
not many symptoms but increased chance of learning/cognitive disability. taller than normal height

Question 10

xxx chromosome

Answer 10

1/1000 females
not many/mild symptoms, learning disabilities, developmental delays, rarely have seizures/kidney issues

Question 11

gonads contain:

Answer 11

germ cells and produce gametes and sex hormones

Question 12

male gonads are

Answer 12

testes and produce sperm

Question 13

female gonads are

Answer 13

ovaries and produce ova

Question 14

internal bipotential gonads

Answer 14

wolffian ducts
mullerian ducts

Question 15

external bipotential gonads

Answer 15

genital tubercle
urethral folds
urethral groove
labioscrotal swellings

Question 16

what gene on the y chromosome allows for male development

Answer 16

SRY

Question 17

in males, wolffian ducts development into

Answer 17

• epididymis
• vas deferens
• seminal vesicle (w/ test)

Question 18

in males, sertoli cells secrete ______ and cause the mullerian duct to ____________

Answer 18

anti-mullerian hormone (AMH)
degenerate

Question 19

T or F: testes can develop without testosterone but require testosterone to descent into the scrotum

Answer 19

T

Question 20

In males, ___- cells secrete androgens (test & DHT)

Answer 20

Interstitial Leydig

Question 21

In females, mullerian ducts develop into upper portions of:

Answer 21

• vagina
• uterus
• fallopian tubes (w/o AMH)

Question 22

In females, ____ degenerate without testosterone

Answer 22

wolffian ducts

Question 23

external genitalia takes on female characteristics without ________

Answer 23

DHT

Question 24

what does the genital tubercle form in the female? male?

Answer 24

female - clit
male - glans penis

Question 25

What does the urethral folds and grooves form in female? males?

Answer 25

females - labia minora, opening of vagina and urethra males - shaft of penis

Question 26

What does the labioscrotal swellings form in females? males?

Answer 26

females - labia majora males - shaft of penis and scrotum

Question 27

_____ causes development of make external genitals

Answer 27

DHT

Question 28

meiosis produces ______ cells

Answer 28

haploid

Question 29

first meiotic division to produce ________-

Answer 29

secondary spermatocyte or secondary oocyte

Question 30

second meiotic division to produce _______

Answer 30

gametes

Question 31

When do females produce their gametes? males?

Answer 31

females are born with all their ovum males start producing sperm during puberty

Question 32

_____ are dominant in males

Answer 32

androgens

Question 33

most testosterone comes from ______

Answer 33

testes

Question 34

_________- converts androgens to estrogens

Answer 34

aromatase

Question 35

____ are dominant in females

Answer 35

estrogens

Question 36

ovaries produce

Answer 36

estrogens, progestins and androgens

Question 37

________ secretes small amounts of sex steroids

Answer 37

adrenal gland

Question 38

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the ______________- controls the release of these 2 hormones:

Answer 38

hypothalamus FSH & LH

Question 39

FSH regulates

Answer 39

gametogenesis in gonads

Question 40

LH controls

Answer 40

production of sex hormones

Question 41

GnRH is regulated by several hypothalamic peptides including:

Answer 41

kisspeptin

Question 42

______ inhibit FSH secretion

Answer 42

inhibins

Question 43

________ stimulate FSH secretion

Answer 43

activins

Question 44

T or F: estrogen is a positive feedback pathway

Answer 44

T

Question 45

T or F: GnRH is released in a steady amount to and is important for sexual maturity

Answer 45

F - GnRH is released in pulses

Question 46

Cryptorchidism

Answer 46

failure of both testes to descend

Question 47

What are the 3 male accessory glands

Answer 47

- prostate gland - seminal vesicles - bulbourethral (cowper's) glands

Question 48

seminiferous tubules leave the testicles and join the _____ then vas deferens

Answer 48

epidydimis

Question 49

________ produce sperm and hormones

Answer 49

testes

Question 50

where is sperm produced specifically?

Answer 50

spermatogonia in seminiferous tubules

Question 51

Where is testosterone produced in males?

Answer 51

interstitial cells of leydig

Question 52

How do sertoli cells support sperm production?

Answer 52

- blood/testes barrier (keeps testosterone in testes) - androgen-binding protein (ABP)

Question 53

sperm cells need ______ for fertilization

Answer 53

acrosome

Question 54

spermatogenesis requires (2)

Answer 54

gonadotropins and testosterone

Question 55

Why is it important for male accessory glands to contribute secretions to semen?

Answer 55

- alkaline to protect against acidity of the vagina - nutrients to keep sperm alive - lubricate ejaculatory tract and ensure there's no urine left in tract

Question 56

all steroid hormones are made from?

Answer 56

cholesterol

Question 57

What is the only cell in the human body with a flagellum?

Answer 57

sperm

Question 58

What percent of semen is just fluid?

Answer 58

99

Question 59

What are some primary/secondary sex characteristics males and females share?

Answer 59

- pubic hair - oily skin - voice deepens - acne - increase in height - increase in body odor