Excretion

Question 1

Excretion

Answer 1

the removal of waste products of metabolism from the body

Question 2

3 organs of excretion

Answer 2

lungs
skin
kidneys

Question 3

2 things the lungs excrete

Answer 3

CO2 H2O

Question 4

2 things the skin excretes

Answer 4

H2O, NaCl

Question 5

4 things the kidneys excrete

Answer 5

H2O, excess salts, urea, uric acid

Question 6

where are the kidneys located

Answer 6

in the abdominal cavity in the small of the back

Question 7

2 functions of the kidneys

Answer 7

excretion

osmoregulation

Question 8

excretory function of the kidneys

Answer 8

removal pf urea, uric acid, salts and water

Question 9

osmoregulatory function of the kidney

Answer 9

maintenance of water and salt balance in body fluids

Question 10

urine path

Answer 10

formed in kidneys, ureter to bladder, released from urethra

Question 11

each kidney consists of

Answer 11

many tiny tubes called nephrons and blood capillaries

Question 12

function of nephrons

Answer 12

provide a large surface area for exchange of materials with blood

Question 13

blood through kindey

Answer 13

renal artery - afferent arteriole - glomerulus - efferent arteriole - capillaries - venule - renal vein

Question 14

function of kidney

Answer 14

to remove unwanted substances from the blood, this results in the formation of urine

Question 15

3 processes involved in urine formation

Answer 15

filtration of blood
selective reabsorption
secretion

Question 16

filtration

Answer 16

small molecules are filtered out of the blood

Question 17

location in kidney of filtration

Answer 17

cortex

Question 18

selective reabsorption

Answer 18

as the filtrate flows along the tubules, useful substances are removed from it and taken back to blood

Question 19

location in kidney of selective reabsorption

Answer 19

cortex and medulla

Question 20

secretion

Answer 20

some substances e.g K+ and H+ not needed by the body are actively transported by the cells of the nephron from the blood into the filtrate

Question 21

location in kidney of secretion

Answer 21

cortex

Question 22

filtration is under

Answer 22

high pressure

Question 23

3 ways that the blood in the glomerulus is put under pressure

Answer 23

arterial blood pumped from heart
arterioles present at both ends
afferent arteriole has a wider lumen than efferent arteriole

Question 24

what comes out of glomerulus

Answer 24

glomerular filtrate

Question 25

3 things not in glomerular filtrate

Answer 25

red and white blood cells, platelets and blood proteins

Question 26

glomerular filtrate

Answer 26

part of the blood plasma that passes through the glomerulus into the lumen of Bowman's Capsule

Question 27

Selective reabsorption

Answer 27

useful substances are taken back from the glomerular filtrate by osmosis and active transport and returned to the blood

Question 28

4 locations of reabsorption in the nephron

Answer 28

proximal convoluted tubule loop of Henle Distal convoluted tubule Collecting duct

Question 29

3 things reabsorbed in proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 29

water (osmosis) glucose and amino acids (active transport) salt (active transport)

Question 30

2 things reabsorbed in loop of Henle

Answer 30

H2O (osmosis) | salts (active transport)

Question 31

1 thing reabsorbed in distal convoluted tubule

Answer 31

H2O (osmosis) | controlled by ADH

Question 32

1 thing reabsorbed in collecting duct

Answer 32

H2O (osmosis) | controlled by ADH

Question 33

what is the filtrate called after selective reabsorption

Answer 33

urine

Question 34

why is the concentration of urea and uric acid much higher in urine than in plasma/glomerular filtrate

Answer 34

a lot of H2O is reabsorbed from filtrate as it moves along the tubule

Question 35

the bladder

Answer 35

a sac with an elastic muscular wall that stores urine

Question 36

composition of urine

Answer 36

``` urea uric acid salts water (hormones, vitamins, drugs etc) ```

Question 37

ADH 2 names

Answer 37

anti-diuretic hormone | vassopressin

Question 38

what secretes ADH

Answer 38

pituitary gland

Question 39

function of ADH

Answer 39

makes the cells in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct more permeable to water

Question 40

what is amount of ADH secreted controlled by?

Answer 40

water concentration of the blood

Question 41

homeostasis

Answer 41

the maintenance of a constant internal environment in the body

Question 42

why is homeostasis necessary

Answer 42

to ensure that cells have optimum conditions to carry out their metabolism

Question 43

role of kidney in homeostasis

Answer 43

osmoregulation

Question 44

osmoregulation in kidney

Answer 44

excretion/reabsorption of water | excretion/reabsorption of salts

Question 45

1 disorder of the urinary system

Answer 45

kidney failure

Question 46

treatment for kidney failure

Answer 46

dialysis / kidney transplant