Kingdom Fungi Flashcards
(74 cards)
1
Q
3 types of fungi
A
yeasts, mould and mushrooms
2
Q
are fungi pro or eukaryotic?
A
eukaryotes
3
Q
size of fungi
A
mainly multicellular
4
Q
what are fungi composed of?
A
long filaments called hyphae
5
Q
a group of hyphae form
A
a mycelium
6
Q
are fungi auto or heterotrophic
A
heterotrophic
7
Q
do fungi have chloroplasts?
A
no
8
Q
what types of heterotrophs are fungi?
A
they can be parasites or saprophytes
9
Q
how do fungi reproduce
A
by means of spores
10
Q
cell walls of fungi
A
made of chitin
11
Q
sporangiophore
A
vertical hypha
12
Q
stolon
A
hypha that grows and spreads the fungus
13
Q
rhizoids
A
hyphae to anchor fungus and to absorb food
14
Q
how does rhizopus feed
A
it is a saprophyte
15
Q
where may you find rhizopus
A
on bread and other starchy foods
16
Q
how does rhizopus digest the food
A
the hyphae secrete enzymes onto the substrate to digest the food
soluble products of digestion are then absorbed into the hyphae
17
Q
reproduction of rhizopus
A
sexual or asexual
18
Q
3 ways you can tell if its asexual reproduction
A
no fusion
no gametes
1 parent
19
Q
asexual reproduction in rhizopus by
A
sporulation
20
Q
what cuts of the sporangium
A
the columella
21
Q
sporangium contents divide by
A
mitosis
22
Q
what happens as the sporangium ripens
A
it ripens and becomes black and dries out
23
Q
when are spores released
A
the wall bursts
24
Q
how are spores dispersed
A
by the wind
25
when do spores germinate and what happens
if conditions are suitable the spores germinate forming new mycelia
26
when does sexual reproduction occur in fungi 2
when the hyphae of opposite strains come in contact
| under adverse conditions
27
adverse conditions
lack of food or water
extreme temp or pH
no host if it is a parasite
28
1. the first thing that happens when fungi reproduce sexually
hyphae form short side branches which grow towards each other
29
2. when is a progametangium formed
when the tip of each branch swells up
30
3. what forms the gametangia
the tips are cut off by a crosswall which forms a gametangia
31
4. what happens to the walls of the gametangia
the walls between the gametangia break down
32
5. when does fertilisation occur
when nuclei fuse forming a zygote
33
6. what develops around the zygote and what does it form
a thick wall develops around the zygote forming the zygospore
34
7. what is a zygospore
a dormant, resistant spore
35
8. when and how does the zygospore divide
when conditions are suitable the zygospore divides by meiosis
36
9. what is formed when the zygospore divides by mitosis
a hypha and a sporangium
37
10. what does the sporangium form
haploid spores
38
11. spores are released to
to form new mycelia
39
2 properties of yeast
unicellular and saprophytic
40
5 organelles in yeast
```
cell wall
cell membrane
storage granules
vacuole
nucleus
```
41
how does yeast reproduce?
asexually by budding
42
first thing that happens when yeast reproduces
the parent cell forms an outgrowth or bud that fills with cytoplasm
43
how does yeasts nucleus divide
by mitosis
44
what happens to the nucleus
moves into the bud
45
what happens to the bud
it is cut off from the parent cell forming a new daughter cell
46
what happens once the daughter cells separate
rapid budding can produce a small group (colony) of attached cells
47
3 beneficial economic importances of fungi
produce antibiotics eg.penecillin
alcohol fermentation by yeast
food - bread or mushrooms
48
4 harms of fungi
human disease eg. athletes foot
plant disease eg.potato blight
food decay eg.rhizopus on bread
49
3 edible mushrooms
field mushrooms
truffles
oyster mushrooms
50
2 poisonous mushrooms
death caps
| destroying angel
51
where can you culture microorganisms
nutrient agar plates
52
what are nutrient agar plates
dishes with food
53
agar
a jelly-like substance extracted from seaweed
54
what does the nutrient used depend on?
on the microorganisms being cultured
55
asepsis
free of pathogens
56
how do you sterilise
in the autoclave
57
autoclave
pressure cooker that provides steam heat
58
how do you sterilise instruments
flaming them
59
safety precautions
| hands
wash with disinfectant before and after
60
safety precautions
| work bench
swab down with disinifectant
61
safety precautions
| instruments and glassware
sterilise before and after use
62
safety precautions
| nutrient growth medium
sterilise the nutrient growth medium
63
safety precautions
| plates with cultures in them
seal the plates
64
To investigate the growth of leaf yeast using malt agar plates and controls
control
unopened plate
65
To investigate the growth of leaf yeast using malt agar plates and controls
purpose of a control
to show that the yeast came from the leaf
66
To investigate the growth of leaf yeast using malt agar plates and controls
which leaves
ash leaves
67
To investigate the growth of leaf yeast using malt agar plates and controls
which agar
prepare sterile malt agar plates
68
To investigate the growth of leaf yeast using malt agar plates and controls
how do you attach the leaf discs to the play
attach with sterile forceps with vaseline
69
To investigate the growth of leaf yeast using malt agar plates and controls
what do you label the experiments
experiment and control
70
To investigate the growth of leaf yeast using malt agar plates and controls
for 24h
the this plate the right way up
71
To investigate the growth of leaf yeast using malt agar plates and controls
why leave the right way up for 24h
so that the yeast spores from the leaf discs can fall onto the agar
72
To investigate the growth of leaf yeast using malt agar plates and controls
3 days
incubate both upside down for 3 days at 25ºC
73
To investigate the growth of leaf yeast using malt agar plates and controls
how do you see the leaf yeast colonies
shiny pink spotes
74
To investigate the growth of leaf yeast using malt agar plates and controls
after the experiment 2
set up replicates and sterilise the plates to destroy cultures before disposal
