export_bact exam 6 2011

Question 1

Considered to be the cause of Tyzzer’s disease in horses

Answer 1

Clostridium piliforme

Question 2

Cause of Toxicoinfectious botulism in horses

Answer 2

Clostridium botulinum Type B

Question 3

This agent produces a toxin (labeled epsilon toxin) that causes damage to and symptoms associated with the central nervous system in cattle

Answer 3

Clostridium perfringens Type D

Question 4

This agent has been associated with the condition in adult dairy cattle called Hemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome

Answer 4

Clostridium perfringens Type A

Question 5

You are a wildlife vet in the Northwest. You are studying the cause of death of 3,000 birds in some shallow ponds near watercourses. The major symptom you saw was a flaccid paralysis w/out recovery in the birds. One bacteria know to cause this type of disease in the Northwest is ______?

Answer 5

Clostridium botulinum Type C

Question 6

Animal: 3 yr old QH
Symptoms: Uncontrolled paroxysmal spasms of major muscle masses brought on by random stimulus leading to a temporary ridged paralysis
Lesion (live animal): Nail wound in foot

Answer 6

Clostridium tetani

Question 7

This agent produces a toxin (labeled beta toxin) that causes a necrosis of intestinal epithelium in neonatal calves

Answer 7

Clostridium perfringens Type C

Question 8

This agent is associated with the disease Acne in humans

Answer 8

Propionibacterium acnes

Question 9

Agent commonly isolated from ‘Diphtheria’ in cattle

Answer 9

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Question 10

Animals: Group of 50 yearling cattle in North Dakota (on pasture)
Symptoms: Sudden death in 2 animals
Necropsy (1 animal): Blood didn’t clot, enlarged spleen
Laboratory: Large spore-forming gram positive rod grew on primary aerobic culture

Answer 10

Bacillus anthracis

Question 11

These 2 species of bacteria act as synergistic agents in pathogenesis of acute foot rot (interdigital phlegmon) in cattle

Answer 11

Fusobacterium necrophorum and Porphyromonas levii

Question 12

Bacteria from this black-pigmented obligately anaerobic genus are commonly associated with Periodontal disease in dogs

Answer 12

Porphyromonas

Question 13

Animal: Neonatal calf
Symptoms/Lesions: Sudden death, SI had signs of necrotic bloody enteritis
Lab: Large gram positive rods observed in direct manner

Answer 13

Clostridium perfringens Type C

Question 14

The obligately anaerobic species is the most common anaerobe isolated from dog lesions

Answer 14

Clostridium perfringens Type A

Question 15

Animal: Well-nourished 3 wk old foal in Kentucky
Symptoms: Generalized flaccid paralysis of major skeletal muscle masses; foal fails to respond to stimuli
Lesions (foal died): Gastric ulcers were observed

Answer 15

Clostridium botulinum Type B

Question 16

Two bacteria from 2 different genera that are considered by the CDC to be Class A bioterrorism agents

Answer 16

Bacillus anthracis and Clostridium botulinum Type A

Question 17

Animal: 6 day old foal in MO
Symptoms: Sudden death
Lesions: Multiple foci of hepatic necrosis
Lab: Negative culture on aerobic blood agar
Histopathology: Silver stain of liver lesion, large filamentous bacteria arranged in parallel fashion in hepatocytes

Answer 17

Clostridium piliforme

Question 18

This bacterial species originally included all the Black-pigmented anaerobic bacteria

Answer 18

Bacteroides melaninogenicus

Question 19

This Clostridial agent which produces 2 cytotoxins designated at Toxin A and Toxin B has been implicated as a cause of hemorrhagic enterocolitis in young foals

Answer 19

Clostridium difficile

Question 20

2 genera of obligately anaerobic spirochetes

Answer 20

Brachyspira and Treponema

Question 21

These 2 agents act as synergistic agents in the pathogenesis of Contagious Digital Epidermatitis (chronic foot rot) in sheep

Answer 21

Dichelobacter nodosus and Fusobacterium necrophorum

Question 22

2 genera of gram negative non-sporeforming obligately anaerobic rods that do not produce black pigment

Answer 22

Dichelobacter and Fusobacterium (I think this is correct)

Question 23

Bacteria commonly associated with Canine Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis

Answer 23

Clostridium perfringens Type A

Question 24

This agent produces a toxin that will cause a generalized rigid spastic paralysis of skeletal muscle in affected horses

Answer 24

Clostridium tetani

Question 25

Animal: Yearling, well-nourished steer in MO Symptoms: Sudden death Lesion: Gas bubbles under skin of left hind leg, large dry dark area in muscle of the leg Diagnosis: Blackleg

Answer 25

Clostridium chauvoei

Question 26

The cause of infectious necrotic hepatitis (black disease) in cattle

Answer 26

Clostridium novyi | *This answer has been fixed*

Question 27

This agent is the cause of anthrax in humans

Answer 27

Bacillus anthracis

Question 28

This species of gram positive spore-forming rod was originally associated with antibiotic 'induced' (overgrowth) digestive tract disease in humans. Subsequently it was identified as a cause of the same type of disease in laboratory animals and has recently been identified as a cause of severe hemorrhagic necrotizing enterocolitis in neonatal foals

Answer 28

Clostridium difficile

Question 29

Fever, anemia, hemoglobinuria were observed in 4 cows from a herd of 50 Holstein cows in WI. Lesions (1 cow died) of anemia and a large liver infarct were seen at necropsy. Large gram positive spore-forming rods were isolated from liver on anaerobic culture.

Answer 29

Clostridium haemolyticum

Question 30

This agent produces a toxin that causes a generalized flaccid paralysis in ducks and other avian species when ingested from environmental sources.

Answer 30

Clostridium botulinum Type C

Question 31

Inflammation of the liver

Answer 31

Hepatitis

Question 32

You have submitted a tissue specimen to a diagnostic laboratory.  You request that they stain a histopathologic slide specifically for the cell wall of fungi. They would probably use this stain.

Answer 32

Periodic-Acid-Schiff Stain

Question 33

2 compounds used in anaerobic culture systems as indicators of Eh

Answer 33

Methylene Blue and Resazurin

Question 34

This compound is a component of the cell wall of bacteria but not of fungi.

Answer 34

Peptidoglycan

Question 35

These glycosphingolipids are components of the cell plasma membrane which modulate cell signal transduction events

Answer 35

Gangliosides

Question 36

A crunching crackling sensation that is felt with gas production by bacteria in tissues

Answer 36

Crepitation

Question 37

Used in anaerobic culture systems as a reducing agent

Answer 37

Teichoic acid

Question 38

Term for an infection acquired by an animal during residence in a veterinary hospital

Answer 38

Nosocomial infection

Question 39

This biochemical pathway is the major energy producing pathway in facultatively anaerobic bacteria but is not present in obligately anaerobic bacteria

Answer 39

Krebs cycle

Question 40

Compound found in the core of endospores that may be responsible for its environmental resistance.

Answer 40

Dipicolinic acid

Question 41

Used in anaerobic culture systems as a catalyst

Answer 41

Palladium

Question 42

These proteins are important in electron transport in the absence of oxygen

Answer 42

Flavodoxins

Question 43

Used in anaerobic culture systems as a growth stimulant

Answer 43

Carbon dioxide

Question 44

Product containing specific inactivated exotoxins and used for immunization of animals against those exotoxins

Answer 44

Toxoids

Question 45

Term that is used to express oxidation reduction potentials

Answer 45

Eh

Question 46

Term that would describe the method of reproduction of Clostridium perfringens Type A

Answer 46

Binary fission

Question 47

How would Fusobacterium necrophorum be classified in regards to utilization of oxygen in their environment

Answer 47

Obligately anaerobic bacteria

Question 48

Term referring to a level of disease that is above the usual level for an animal population

Answer 48

Epidemic

Question 49

If an animal died due to a lack of oxygen in his system, we would say the animals died of _____?

Answer 49

Anoxia

Question 50

This compound is the plasmalemma is the target of several antimicrobials

Answer 50

Ergosterol

Question 51

This biochemical pathway is responsible for anaerobic glycolysis (fermentation) of glucose

Answer 51

Embden-Meyerhof pathway

Question 52

Compound used by the pharmaceutical industry to test for the presence of pyrogens in pharmaceuticals

Answer 52

Limulus Amebocyte Lysate

Question 53

In classification, to which 'Domain' do the bacteria belong

Answer 53

Bacteria

Question 54

Term referring to severe problems with breathing

Answer 54

Dyspnea

Question 55

Term meaning 'the animal is straining during defecation'

Answer 55

Tenesmus

Question 56

The name used for the fungal structure that corresponds to the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria

Answer 56

Plasmalemma

Question 57

Bacterial infections that are characterized by pus formation and abscesses

Answer 57

Pyogenic

Question 58

An intoxication due to ingestion of toxic metabolites produced by the action of certain molds on some food products

Answer 58

Mycotoxicosis

Question 59

Inflammation of the muscles

Answer 59

Myositis

Question 60

Drug of choice to treat a Clostridium difficile infection in a horse

Answer 60

Metronidazole

Question 61

Drug of choice for treatment of clostridial myositis in a dog

Answer 61

Ampicillin

Question 62

Trimethoprim is used as a 'potentiator' in combination with this drug

Answer 62

Sulfadiazine

Question 63

This antifungal agent should not be used in cats b/c it may cause serious liver toxicity

Answer 63

Ketoconazole

Question 64

Drug of choice for treatment of liver abscesses in feedlot cattle

Answer 64

Vancomycin | This years notes state that there is no treatment.

Question 65

This agent must be used with caution in cats b/c use above 5 mg/kg can cause retinal degeneration

Answer 65

Enrofloxacin

Question 66

Drug of choice for treatment of Tyzzer's Disease in a horse

Answer 66

Antimicrobials do not work/fit the given description

Question 67

2 antimicrobials which are commonly used to treat bacterial infections but which are unlikely to work against anaerobic bacteria

Answer 67

Enrofloxacin and Gentamicin

Question 68

Drug of choice for treatment of Anthrax in a horse

Answer 68

Ampicillin

Question 69

You wish to vax a horse for long-term prevention (active immunity) of tetanus

Answer 69

Commercial toxoid

Question 70

You have an owner who wishes to prevent Necrotic Abomasitis in his calves

Answer 70

Commercial toxoid

Question 71

You have an owner who wishes to vax his cows to prevent neonatal enterotoxemia in his calves

Answer 71

Commercial bacterin toxoid combination

Question 72

You have an owner who wishes to prevent Tyzzer's Disease in his horses

Answer 72

None of the immunizing products listed would be effective or are not available for the described situation

Question 73

You have an owner who wishes to vax his mares to prevent toxicoinfectious botulism

Answer 73

Commercial toxoid

Question 74

You have an owner who wishes to prevent periodontal disease in his dogs

Answer 74

Commercial bacterin or whole culture bacterin

Question 75

You have an owner who wishes to vaccinate to prevent Anthrax in his cattle on pasture

Answer 75

Commercial modified or avirulent live vaccine

Question 76

You have an owner who wishes to prevent Blackleg in his feedlot steers

Answer 76

Commercial bacterin or whole culture bacterin

Question 77

You have just castrated a horse with an unknown vaccination history. You wish to prevent tetanus.

Answer 77

Commercial antitoxin

Question 78

You have an owner who wishes to prevent disease caused by Clostridium difficile in his horses.

Answer 78

None of the immunizing products listed would be effective or are not available for the described situation

Question 79

List mechanism of diarrhea:  | Enteritis due to Clostridium perfringens Type C infection in a neonatal calf

Answer 79

Increased permeability

Question 80

List mechanism of diarrhea: | Nutritional diarrhea in an orphaned foal fed milk replacer

Answer 80

Osmotic effects with subsequent malabsorption

Question 81

List mechanism of diarrhea: | Rotavirus infection in a calf

Answer 81

Malabsorption due to villous atrophy

Question 82

List mechanism of diarrhea: | Food poisoning in humans due to Clostridium perfringens Type A

Answer 82

hypersecretion

Question 83

The inciting lesions allowing bacterial overgrowth in Canine Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis are probably due to this toxin

Answer 83

Endotoxins

Question 84

The cells mainly responsible for intestinal absorption of fluids are:

Answer 84

Non-proliferative mature villous epithelium

Question 85

There are 3 protein fractions that compose the exotoxin of Bacillus anthracis. What fraction in necessary for the activity of the other 2 fractions.

Answer 85

Protective antigen

Question 86

Doxycycline, in regards to site of action in the bacteria, affects:

Answer 86

Process of Translation

Question 87

Doxycyline, in regards to use in the patient, and action on the bacteria are:

Answer 87

Bacteriostatic and Time dependent

Question 88

What is the most important procedure in the routine confirmation of a diagnosis of Tyzzer's Disease in a foal?

Answer 88

Demonstration of bacteria on histopathology

Question 89

The best tissue (considering all factors) for bacteriological culture to send to a diagnostic laboratory from an 800-pound dead steer that you suspect has anthrax would be:

Answer 89

Jugular blood sample

Question 90

How would you classify disease caused by Clostridium botulinum?

Answer 90

Intoxication without major infections

Question 91

In clostridium haemolyticum infections in cattle the major site of infection is the:

Answer 91

Liver