export_laundry exam 4 2010-2

Question 1

At necropsy of 2 pigs with CNS symptoms, you observed edema of eyelids and edema of submucosa along the greater curvature of the stomach. What is the probable etiologic agent?

Answer 1

Escherichia coli

Question 2

Principal cause of Sylvatic plague in cats

Answer 2

Yersinia pestis

Question 3

This Salmonella serotype is the most common serotype isolated from poultry

Answer 3

Salmonella Enteritidis

Question 4

This agent, associated with wood product bedding, is a cause of mastitis in dairy cattle

Answer 4

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 5

This Salmonella serotype, host adapted to swine, is a cause of septicemia and pneumonia often without an associated enterocolitis

Answer 5

Salmonella Choleraesuis

Question 6

This Salmonella serotype is the cause of Typhoid fever in humans

Answer 6

Salmonella Typhi

Question 7

This Salmonella serotype is the principal cause of Salmonella food poisoning in humans from poultry sources

Answer 7

Salmonella Enteritidis

Question 8

This agent causes hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans

Answer 8

Escherichia coli O157:H7

Question 9

This Salmonella serotype is the principal cause of Salmonella food poisoning in humans from mammalian sources

Answer 9

Salmonella Typhimurium

Question 10

This Salmonella serotype, host-adapted to cattle, is the cause of abortion in cattle

Answer 10

Salmonella Dublin

Question 11

This Salmonella is the most common serotype associated with disease in dogs in the U.S.

Answer 11

Salmonella Typhimurium

Question 12

This agent causes a lesion in humans known as a “bubo” which is a very painful enlargement of the lymph nodes

Answer 12

Yersinia pestis

Question 13

This Salmonella servar, host adapted to swine, is a cause of chronic necrotic enterocolitis

Answer 13

Salmonella Typhisuis

Question 14

This agent is a CDC Category A potential bio-terrorism agent

Answer 14

Yersinia pestis

Question 15

This Salmonella serotype, the most common serotype isolated from horses, is a cause of acute enterocolitis with high death loss

Answer 15

Salmonella Typhimurium

Question 16

These bacterial species are known as Coliforms (name 3 from 3 different genera)

Answer 16

Enterobacter aerogenes,
Escherichia coli,

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 17

The type of Escherichia coli associated with Edema Disease in swine

Answer 17

Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC)

Question 18

This type of Escherichia coli directs the mucosal cells to form a pedestal for the E. coli to perch on

Answer 18

Attaching and Effacing E. coli (AEEC)

Question 19

The type of Escherichia coli associated with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) in humans

Answer 19

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)

Question 20

This type of Escherichia coli is most commonly involved in food poisoning in humans such as “Traveler’s Diarrhea”

Answer 20

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

Question 21

The type of Escherichia coli associated with Neonatal Colibacilosis in swine

Answer 21

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

Question 22

Porins that would expel antimicrobials from the bacterial cell

Answer 22

efflux pumps

Question 23

Chemicals used to prevent growth or destroy potential pathogens on body surfaces

Answer 23

antiseptics

Question 24

Term referring to the destruction of potentially pathogenic microorganisms by chemical means

Answer 24

Disinfection

Question 25

The term for antimicrobial action in which the use of two antimicrobials increases the level of activity above the level of activity for either one alone

Answer 25

synergistic antimicrobials

Question 26

This process refers to the transfer of genes b/w bacteria via bacterial viruses

Answer 26

transduction

Question 27

The term in disease treatment for the drug type that inhibits bacterial multiplication but bacteria are not killed

Answer 27

bacteriostatic antimicrobials

Question 28

The concentration of an antimicrobial that will prevent bacteria replication in vitro

Answer 28

minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

Question 29

Plasmids that carry genes coding for bacterial resistance 

Answer 29

R-factors

Question 30

The term for the modular DNA sequences encoding for antimicrobial resistance that are carried and transferred b/w integrons

Answer 30

gene cassettes

Question 31

These are genes that are capable of transferring copies of themselves and associated genes to a new site within a replicon or to different relicons (e.g. b/w different plasmids or the chromosome)

Answer 31

transposons 

Question 32

Enzymes responsible for resistance of Gram positive bacteria to penicillins

Answer 32

Beta lactamases

Question 33

The use of this compound by bacteria in Purine synthesis is the target of the Trimethoprim type of antimicrobials

Answer 33

Dihydrofolic acid

Question 34

To be clinically effective, this type of antimicrobial must maintain a blood level that is greater than the MIC for duration of treatment

Answer 34

Time dependent antimicrobials

Question 35

Term for the antibiotic effect on bacteria after the antibiotic is no longer in the system

Answer 35

Post antibiotic effect (PAE)

Question 36

Complete destruction of all microorganisms by physical means or chemical means

Answer 36

sterilization 

Question 37

Major adhesions antigen

Answer 37

F antigens

Question 38

Capsular antigens

Answer 38

K antigens

Question 39

Flagellar antigens

Answer 39

H antigens

Question 40

Heat stable enterotoxin

Answer 40

not designated 

Question 41

lipopolysaccharide (antigen on E. coli)

Answer 41

O antigen

Question 42

Mechanism of enteritis due to Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 in humans

Answer 42

increased permeability of the intestinal wall

Question 43

mechanism of nutritional diarrhea in an orphaned foal fed milk replacer

Answer 43

osmotic effects with subsequent malabsorption 

Question 44

mechanism of diarrhea of parvovirus infection in a young dog

Answer 44

malabsorption due to villous atrophy 

Question 45

Mechanism of diarrhea from enterotoxigenic E. coli in a neonatal calf

Answer 45

active hypersecretion of water an electrolytes 

Question 46

A positive test separates the Proteus-Providencia group from the rest of the Enterobacteriaceae

Answer 46

Lysine Deaminase reaction

Question 47

Highly selective media used for isolation of Salmonella from feces

Answer 47

Brillian green agar

Question 48

A positive test indicates metabolism of tryptophan

Answer 48

indole test

Question 49

Media used to determine if bacterial isolates would have either of these biochemical pathways: Pentose Phosphate Shunt or Entner-Duodoroff pathway

Answer 49

Oxidative-Fermentative media

Question 50

Major biochemical test used to separate gram negative bacteria into two major groups

Answer 50

oxidase test

Question 51

Test used to determine the gram reaction of a bacterial isolate

Answer 51

KOH test

Question 52

Used to determine if a bacterial isolate produces acetoin

Answer 52

VP test

Question 53

Major biochemical test used to separate the gram positive cocci into two major groups

Answer 53

catalase test

Question 54

Enrichment broth used for isolation of Salmonella from contaminated specimens 

Answer 54

selenite medium

Question 55

Medium used for determining antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial specimen

Answer 55

Meuller Hinton agar

Question 56

family - chloramphenicol

Answer 56

acetamides 

Question 57

family - amphotericin B

Answer 57

none of the above (antifungal)

Question 58

family - vancomycin

Answer 58

glycopeptides

Question 59

family - ceftiofur

Answer 59

cephalosporins

Question 60

family - amikacin

Answer 60

aminoglycosides

Question 61

family - fluconazole

Answer 61

azoles

Question 62

family - polymyxin B

Answer 62

polypeptides

Question 63

family - azithromycin

Answer 63

macrolides

Question 64

family - clindmycin 

Answer 64

lincosaminides 

Question 65

family - enrofloxacin 

Answer 65

fluoroquinolones

Question 66

Villous atrophy as occurs with some of the major intestinal virus diseases of animals such as Rotavirus causes a diarrhea primarily due to:

Answer 66

malabsorption 

Question 67

In relationship to growth in the presence of oxygen, Salmonella would be classified as:

Answer 67

facultatively anaerobic 

Question 68

According to current knowledge, how would we rate hypermotility in the small intestine as a cause leading to diarrhea in animals?

Answer 68

Hypermotility is not known to be a major primary or contributing cause of diarrhea

Question 69

In cats, Salmonella infection can usually be characterized as:

Answer 69

a carrier state without clinical disease

Question 70

This drug, when given orally (and even systemically) to a horse, will often suppress the normal flora and thus allow overgrowth of a Salmonella in the digestive tract resulting in an often fatal salmonellosis.

Answer 70

Chlortetracycline

Question 71

This drug can cause a totally non-treatable fatal aplastic anemia in humans

Answer 71

chloramphenicol

Question 72

This drug is associated with a condition called keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs

Answer 72

Sulfadiazine 

Question 73

This macrolide drug used to treat cattle and swine is known for having significant toxicity on accidental injection in humans (cardiac problems and death)

Answer 73

Tilmicosin

Question 74

This drug must be used with caution in young horses b/c of its propensity to cause potentially debilitating lesions in developing cartilage 

Answer 74

enrofloxacin 

Question 75

This agent must be used with caution in cats b/c use above 5 mg/kg can cause retinal degeneration

Answer 75

enrofloxacin

Question 76

This drug can cause a hypersensitivity in humans. When given to a individual that is hypersensitive, it can cause hives or even fatal anaphylactic shock

Answer 76

amoxicillin 

Question 77

The FDA has forbidden off label use of these 3 antimicrobials in food animals b/c of potential human health problems

Answer 77

chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, vancomycin

Question 78

The term coliform bacteria are identified as those members of the family Enterobacteriaceae that are:

Answer 78

lactose positive

Question 79

Certain virulence factors are considered to be necessary for Escherichia coli to be called Enterotoxigenic (ETEC). These factors include the ability to: a) adhere to intestinal mucosa b) cause villous atrophy c) invade intestinal mucosa causing bacteremia d) produce shiga toxins

Answer 79

a

Question 80

The principal means by which Yersinia pestis is spread through susceptible populations is by:

Answer 80

the bite of infected fleas

Question 81

What is the only validly named species of Salmonella in the following list? a) S. arizonae b) S. enterica c) S. enteritidis d) S. newport e) S. typhimurium

Answer 81

b

Question 82

A description of the family Enterobacteriaceae would be as follows: gram __, oxidase ___, shape

Answer 82

gram negative, oxidase negative, non-spore forming rods

Question 83

Antibodies produced by vaccines using the Siderophore Receptor and Porin (SRP) technology work b/c the disrupt:

Answer 83

iron metabolism in the bacteria

Question 84

The cells mainly responsible for intestinal absorption of fluids are:

Answer 84

non-proliferative mature villous epithelium 

Question 85

Rough mutants used for vaccination to control endotoxemia have a deficiency in which of the following parts of the lipopolysaccharide:

Answer 85

outer variable oligosaccharide region

Question 86

Cephalosporins, in regards to use in the patient, and action on the bacteria are:

Answer 86

bacteriocidal and time dependent 

Question 87

Cephalosporins, in regards to site of action in the bacteria, affects:

Answer 87

cell wall synthesis

Question 88

Doxycycline, in regards to use in the patient, and action on the bacteria are:

Answer 88

bacteriostatic and time dependent

Question 89

Doxycycline, in regards to site of action in the bacteria, affects:

Answer 89

process of translation

Question 90

What is the antimicrobial of choice for treatment of a Yersinia pestis infection in cats?

Answer 90

gentamicin 

Question 91

Aminoglycosides, in regards to use in the patient and action on the bacteria, are: 

Answer 91

bacteriocidal and concentration dependent