Extent of success of Foreign policy, 1976 - 1997

Question 1

success

Answer 1

Succeded restoring diplomatic relations except taiwan, trade opened interanationally, became 10th biggest exporter, global recognition in un.

Question 2

America
taiwan protection

Answer 2

Taiwan object to diplomatic relations, us government= Taiwan Relations Act confirmed commitment to defending Taiwan , continue supply aircraft and weapons

Question 3

America
taiwan united?

Answer 3

Chian not compramise that it would be reunited. Announce ‘One country, two systems’ nothig to fear taiwan
Pressure taiwan large scale military exercises in Taiwan Straint, usa send extra warships BUT eased by 1997

Question 4

America
visits

Answer 4

Usa, trade increase after nixon visted 1972, deng visit 1979, cooperation educational, cultural exchanges.

Question 5

America
cia info

Answer 5

1979 supply info of ussr invaion of vietnam, supplied ‘non leathal’ military equiptment help develop nuclear programme

Question 6

Ussr
mongolia

Answer 6

Object to troops on mongolia

Question 7

Ussr
old disputes

Answer 7

Boarder disputes from 1969 not resolved

Question 8

Ussr
afghanistan

Answer 8

1979 ussr invade afghanistan and us and china support resistance mujahideen

Question 9

Ussr
vietnam

Answer 9

Not like close alliance ussr close to china in south especially when invade combodia

Question 10

ussr
improve

Answer 10

Change of leadership 80s improve, trade agreement mid 80s gorbachev visits 89, better after collapse ussr 1991

Question 11

bank/un

Answer 11

UN, 1/5 powers permanent seat on security council raise international standing and status as global superpower= power to veto resolutions of security council

Question 12

bank/un
stance/gulf war

Answer 12

Usa an ussr use power to defend alloes and defend own interests. China use less and abstained from important votes , had a peacekeeping role china regarded as excuse to meddle international affairs
80s shift to supporting but not participating in peacekeeping efforts

Iraque invade kuwait 1990 usa and britain entervene against iraque, china see as arab states position to intervene, abstained resolution on Gulf War, but did not support iraque invading

Question 13

bank/un

Answer 13

IMF and world bank, International Monetary Fund and World Bank to bring stability to international financial system avoid depression like in 30s. China one of founding members taiwan still had seat till 70s and 80s took part in international finace system

IMF lent money to china 80s, loans fully repaid, 80s and 90s advise and technichal assistance for modernisation programme

Question 14

japan

Answer 14

most successful asain economy one of worlds largest exporters manufactured goods. Trade agreement 1978 part of ‘technology transfer’.

Question 15

japan

Answer 15

Hu Yaobang vists early 80s.

Question 16

japan

Answer 16

coperation oil drilling right in northern china sea,
BUT Tension ownersjip irelands,

Question 17

japan

Answer 17

90s became largest exporter market of chinese goods

Question 18

vietnam/cambodia
1st invasion

Answer 18

Democratic Republic of Kampuchea establish in cambodia by new Khmer Rouge allied China, tentions worse 1978 vietnam invade cambodia to overthrow khmer rouge regime

Khmer regime compined marxism and extreme nationalism force urban population to move to countryside millions die starvation and killed intellectuals etc

Not like close alliance ussr close to china in south especially when invade

Question 19

vietnam/cambodia
boarder vietnam

Answer 19

Boarder disputes armed classhes china government complain ethnic china people in vietnam persecuted

Question 20

vietnam/cambodia
invasion

Answer 20

China invade vietnam 1979, pla bad planning and execution, problems to supply forces, poor communication units, not use aorforce effectively, heavy casualities withdraw

Question 21

america
objections

Answer 21

America criticise record on human rights, china not allow interference, suppression tianmen square condendemed brief stop sending military equiptment but nof urther sanctions, criticise treatment of democracy activists, 1991 full trading

Question 22

hong kong
situation

Answer 22

Hong kong, taken by china 1800s in Treaty of Nanjing after opium war exted to chinese port, thriving, 1949 business owners fled there, economic reforms first SEZ directly north, open door policy cross boarder trade and investment in chinese bussinesses by hong kong, british lease end 1997, could keep the port so small not realistic, negotiaiations

Question 23

hong kong
agreement

Answer 23

Sino-British joint Declaration, china demand whole return Britain not in a position to decline,

Question 24

hong kong
compramise

Answer 24

committed treat differently ‘One nation, two systems’, keep capitalist system and degree of autonomy