Extent of success of social policies, 1952 - 1962

Question 1

Healthcare
contraceptives

Answer 1

1953 start population planning based on ability to feed people, changing policy from ‘the more people we have the stronger we are, state pharmaceutical company makes contraceptives becomes official policy BUT peasants resist not comfortable discussing, value large families Mao not willing to force

Question 2

Healthcare
Patriotic Health campaign

Answer 2

Patriotic Health campaign , improve sanitation and hygiene reduce diseases like cholera in countryside, cities vaccinations against disease like plague some success death rate decline. Improve drinking water quality dig wells deeper, not use human waste as fertiliser instead in pits

Question 3

Healthcare
All China’s women federation

Answer 3

All China’s women federation for implementing polies, countryside preventative, Health reform mass campaigns improve midwife standards and birthing practices and basic sterilization procedures

Question 4

Healthcare
hospitals

Answer 4

BUT Workers in large enterprises had urban hospitals reserved for them, village paramedics, towns health center limited number of bed serious cases sent to county hospitals by trained doctors=expensive state budget 1.3%, peasants died from collectvisation

Question 5

women
marriage law

Answer 5

There had been improvements from the 1950 marriage law, average age to marry increased,

Question 6

women
divorce

Answer 6

eventually divorce was made easier by Marriage Problem Teams in villages

Question 7

women
infanticide

Answer 7

Less female infanticide

Question 8

women
litteracy

Answer 8

949 85% were illiterate 3 mass campaigns included evening classes added 16 million women able to read

Question 9

Politics
Electoral Law

Answer 9

1953, Electoral Law gave women equal rights to vote, made it the target for at least a quarter women in elected represented bodied
Encouraged by AWFC resisted by men and women thought would damage reputation but was successful at gradual change

Question 10

Politics
Political Consultive Conference

Answer 10

69 to Central People’s Political Consultive Conference BUT this made up small percentage

Question 11

Politics
in politics

Answer 11

Soong Gingling 1/6 Central People’s Government

First health minister a woman, first minister of justice

BUT only 10% at national level and none in prominent positions in hierarchy

Question 12

Failures
deaths

Answer 12

20 million deaths
Cases of cannibalism, murdering elderly so not have to starve and selling and abandoning children eg case parents eat 8 yr old son or families trade dead children

Question 13

faliures
family unit

Answer 13

Broke family units, communal canteens, happiness homes, kintergardents

Question 14

faliures
crime

Answer 14

Theft of granaries and trains exporting food to cities

Prostitution reappeared