Reasons for issues for political reform, 1982 - 1997

Question 1

Deng
socialism

Answer 1

‘socialist market economy’
Mao thought legitimacy of the party have to follow

Question 2

Deng
replace

Answer 2

Tensions deng relplace with younger educated eg peng zhen
Abolish chairman post replaced by general secretary office staffed by young educated cadres

Question 3

Deng
reforms

Answer 3

Pla reformed, older officers retired, budget cut, military ranks restored

More collective leadership members not allowed stand above law or make decisions or their own

Question 4

conservatives
compromise

Answer 4

Central Advisory Commission CAC agreed to retire but have a supervisory role, forced to slow economic political and economic from resistance

Question 5

conservatives
influence

Answer 5

pressure deng military crackdown, declares martial law PLA move ¼ million troops into capital begin move against demonstrators

Question 6

conservatives
removed

Answer 6

system supervise corruption 150,000 and less interested joinig the party

Question 7

intellectuals
growing uni

Answer 7

Expanding unis increased protests against living conditions and living costs and intellectual freedom, undeterred by crackdown on democracy movement in Beijing more widespread and serious 1986

Rights and freedoms, Fang Lizhi astrophysicist nationwide tour uni called ‘break all barriers’ and demand democractic rights and freedoms

Question 8

intellectuals
reform

Answer 8

Students 5th modernistion deng support till threaten order=ban wall posters

Question 9

intellectuals

Answer 9

Beijing Student Autonomous Federation BSAF coordinate demands for reform. Beijing Workers Autonomous Federation declare support

Question 10

intellectuals

Answer 10

open door policy introduced ideas socialist humanism

Question 11

tianemen square

Answer 11

Divisions in party most limited reform supervision officials vs radical multi party system free elections. Radicals think support of deng supports conservatives

Student protests uni protests not allowed participate selecting head of their own student union, let happen. Spread other students= big character walls

1987 deng denounced ‘turmoil’ blame intellectuals like Fang Lizhi clear happen again met by force

Conservative blame Hu Yaobang failing ‘correct leadership’ resisting fight ‘spiritual pollution’, replaced by Zhao Ziyang, tightening censorship and unis under more control

Student protest tianemen squares demand action against corruption and for human rights

Hu Yaobang dies rumors of a heart attack in political debare spark protests large rallies mourners mostly students turn to pro-democracy rallies few days campuses in Beijing create Beijing Student Autonomous Federation BSAF coordinate demands for reform. Beijing Workers Autonomous Federation declare support

Demonstrations in square and student boycott classes

Denounce ‘turmoil’, ‘don’t be afraid of students because we still have several million troops’

Provoke more demos, BSAF mass marches

Zhou Ziyang meet and consider demands, split leaders meet and onsider demands

Protesters split take words atrt face value or increase pressure

1989 grrbachev visits and lots of media, more radical hunger strike

Zhou want peaceful conservatives pressure deng military crackdown, declares martial law PLA move ¼ million troops into capital begin move against demonstrators, crowds stopped soldiers, on edge of beaning start advance protesters cause conflict on wat fired at petrol bombs and rocks

Students decade tol eavre

Up to 1.2000 died in advance

Anti government protests shanghai

Arrests prodemocracy movements many fled abroad eg fang Lizhi

Conservatives want rid Zhao deng not allow to be torn apart continue appointing younger men, launch anti corruption campaign 1989 15000 expelled, families not allowed involved in private businesses, 5 biggest companies heavy fines for corruption

Beijing martial law few eeks and more student protests