Extracellular Matrix Flashcards by Lindsey Herrera

Some common GAGs are _____, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, and _____ sulfate.

hyaluronan; keratan

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Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are important for _____ and in cell _____.

tissue remodeling; invasion of tissues

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_____are single-pass transmembrane glycoproteins that operate as homodimers.

Cadherins

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Fibronectin and laminin are examples of _____.

multidomain adapter proteins

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In connective tissues, the _____ are synthesized and secreted primarily by ______ or specialized members of the ______ family, such as chondroblasts (in cartilage) or osteoblasts (in bone).

ECM macromolecules; fibroblasts; fibroblast

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Name 2 fibrous proteins.

collagen and elastin

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Some common GAGs are hyaluronan, ______ sulfate, dermatan sulfate, _____ sulfate, and keratan sulfate.

chondroitin; heparan

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Fibronectin is a large, dimeric _____ whose two large subunits are linked together by _____ bonds.

glycoprotein; disulfide

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The 3 most abundant classes of CAMs are ______, _____, and _____.

cadherins; immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily members; integrins

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The ECM serves not only as a scaffold for cells but also participates in regulating various cell functions such as ____, differentiation, _____, proliferation, and ____.

survival; migration; shape

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CAM-associated proteins also are involved in the ____ and in _____.

regulation of adhesion; cell signaling

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A ____ is a covalently linked complex of GAGs and protein.

proteoglycan (PG)

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GAGs consist of ______ composed of disaccharide repeats.

unbranched polysaccharide chains

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Adhesion to other cells or the extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for _______.

cell survival

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_____ die on fibronectin but grow and prosper on laminin.

Neurons

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_____ binding is Ca2+-dependent

Cadherin

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Cadherins are very common in _____ complexes.

intercellular junctional

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______ also are involved in the regulation of adhesion and in cell signaling.

CAM-associated proteins

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When bound to a ligand, ____ signal their engagement via a conformational change to the ____.

CAMs; cell interior

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Overexpression of some MMPs correlates with ______ and _____ in many cancers.

high invasiveness; poor prognosis

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A GAG + a protein = ______

proteoglycan

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Overexpression of some ____correlates with high invasiveness and poor prognosis in many cancers.

MMPs

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The ECM consists of a variety of ____ and _____ that are secreted and assembled in close association with the cells that synthesized them.

proteins; polysaccharides

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Cadherins have very specific additional associated proteins, the ____.

catenins

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Substrate selectivity depends on the presence or absence of _____ and their \_\_\_\_.

appropriate adhesion molecules; ligands

Fibronectin, laminin, and tenascin are _____ found in the ECM.

adhesion molecules

Name 3 adhesion molecules found in the ECM.

fibronectin, laminin, and tenascin

Neurons die on ____ but grow and prosper on \_\_\_\_.

fibronectin; laminin

\_\_\_\_\_ mutations interfere with osteogenesis and cause skeletal dysplasias.

Collagen I

What do GAGs link covalently to?

proteins

\_\_\_\_\_ is a large, dimeric glycoprotein whose two large subunits are linked together by disulfide bonds.

Fibronectin

Collagen I is the most common collagen form, abundant in \_\_\_\_\_\_, and Collagen IV is characteristic of the \_\_\_\_\_.

connective tissues; basal lamina

The ECM consists of a variety of proteins and polysaccharides that are _____ and ______ in close association with the cells that synthesized them.

secreted; assembled

PGs contain at least one ____ chain but may carry many.

GAG

Name the 4 major classes of molecules that makes up the ECM.

1) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 2) fibrous proteins 3) adapter proteins 4) water and solutes

Laminin is found in the ______ only.

basal lamina

The _____ repeat that binds to integrins is the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) binding sequence.

fibronectin

\_\_\_\_\_ to other cells or the extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for cell survival.

Adhesion

In \_\_\_\_\_, the ECM macromolecules are synthesized and secreted primarily by fibroblasts or specialized members of the fibroblast family, such as _____ (in cartilage) or _____ (in bone).

connective tissues; chondroblasts; osteoblasts

Name 2 examples of multidomain adapter proteins.

fibronectin and laminin

The ____ serves not only as a _____ for cells but also participates in regulating various cell functions such as survival, differentiation, migration, proliferation, and shape.

ECM; scaffold

\_\_\_\_ adhere to and grow on fibronectin.

Fibroblasts

Two of the basal lamina’s characteristic components are _____ and \_\_\_\_\_.

collagen IV; laminin

Two of the _____ characteristic components are collagen IV and laminin.

basal lamina’s

\_\_\_\_ consist of unbranched polysaccharide chains composed of disaccharide repeats.

GAGs

One of the early signs of carcinogenesis is a change in \_\_\_\_\_\_.

CAM(s)

Integrins are composed of \_\_\_\_\_.

α/β heterodimers

Some _____ mutations have been linked to nephrotic syndrome.

laminin

Loss-of-function mutations of ______ 2 or 13 cause inherited osteolysis/arthritis syndromes and bone dysplasias.

matrix metalloproteases (MMP)

The ____ consists of a variety of proteins and polysaccharides that are secreted and assembled in close association with the \_\_\_\_\_\_.

ECM; cells that synthesized them

What does GAG stand for?

glycosaminoglycans

\_\_\_\_\_ depends on the presence or absence of appropriate adhesion molecules and their ligands.

Substrate selectivity

\_\_\_\_ must be linked to the cytoskeleton.

CAMs

In connective tissues, the ECM macromolecules are _____ and _____ primarily by fibroblasts or specialized members of the fibroblast family, such as chondroblasts (in cartilage) or osteoblasts (in bone).

synthesized; secreted

Cadherins are single-pass transmembrane glycoproteins that operate as \_\_\_\_\_.

homodimers

\_\_\_\_\_ are important for tissue remodeling and in cell invasion of tissues.

Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs)

Collagen I mutations interfere with _____ and cause skeletal \_\_\_\_\_.

osteogenesis; dysplasias

The fibronectin repeat that binds to integrins is the \_\_\_\_.

Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) binding sequence

GAGs usually carry a ____ charge.

negative

Closer to the membrane, IgSF CAMs usually contain a couple of \_\_\_\_\_.

fibronectin type III domains

The ECM serves not only as a scaffold for cells but also participates in regulating various cell functions such as survival, \_\_\_\_\_, migration, \_\_\_\_\_\_, and shape.

differentiation; proliferation

What do cells adhere to?

other cells or the ECM

CAMs must be linked to the \_\_\_\_\_\_.

cytoskeleton

\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the most common collagen form, abundant in connective tissues, and ______ is characteristic of the basal lamina.

Collagen I; Collagen IV

\_\_\_\_\_ null mutant mice are early embryonic lethal.

Fibronectin

The 3 most abundant classes of ____ are cadherins, immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily members, and integrins.

CAMs

In connective tissues, the ECM macromolecules are synthesized and secreted primarily by fibroblasts or specialized members of the fibroblast family, such as chondroblasts (\_\_\_\_\_\_) or osteoblasts (\_\_\_\_\_\_).

in cartilage; in bone

Fibroblasts adhere to and grow on \_\_\_\_\_\_.

fibronectin

GAGs contain one ____ sugar and one ____ sugar.

amino; uronic acid

\_\_\_\_ are very common in intercellular junctional complexes.

Cadherins

When bound to a \_\_\_\_\_, CAMs signal their engagement via a _____ to the cell interior.

ligand;conformational change

\_\_\_\_\_ is found in the basal lamina only.

Laminin

Closer to the membrane, _____ usually contain a couple of fibronectin type III domains.

IgSF CAMs

Some laminin mutations have been linked to \_\_\_\_\_.

nephrotic syndrome

Collagen and elastin are examples of \_\_\_\_\_.

fibrous proteins

Collagens are _____ and the most abundant _____ in mammals, accounting for about 25% of protein mass.

fibrous proteins; proteins

Cadherin binding is ____ dependent

Ca2+

\_\_\_\_\_ are fibrous proteins and the most abundant proteins in mammals, accounting for about ____ of protein mass.

Collagens; 25%

\_\_\_\_\_ are composed of α/β heterodimers.

Integrins