Membrane Fusion

Question 1

All cellular membranes are composed from a ____ with ____ facing the outside and interacting with ____.

Answer 1

lipid bilayer; charged residues; water molecules

Question 1

The viral fusion domain is _____ within the viral protein.

Answer 1

folded and hidden

Question 1

Upon receiving _______, the viral fusion domain is exposed and inserted into the target cell membrane.

Answer 1

a specific signal (like a change in pH),

Question 2

Viral fusion proteins contain a _____ at the one end and a _____.

Answer 2

transmembrane domain; highly hydrophobic fusion domain

Question 3

The formation of highly stable SNARE complex drives _______.

Answer 3

membrane fusion

Question 4

____ uses _____ to generate energy needed to disassemble the SNARE complex.

Answer 4

NSF; ATP hydrolysis

Question 5

____ and _____ disassemble the SNARE complex.

Answer 5

NSF; αSNAP

Question 6

VAMP is located in the _________.

Answer 6

transport vesicle

Question 7

Syntaxin and SNAP are located in ________.

Answer 7

the target membrane

Question 8

Name 4 membrane bound organelles.

Answer 8

1) nucleus, 2) endosomes 3) lysosomes 4) mitochondria

Question 9

What proteins help the transport vesicle to fuse with the target membrane?

Answer 9

SNAREs

Question 11

intracellular vesicle transport

Answer 11

transport of proteins in and out of membrane bound organelles without compromising their identity

Question 12

The _____ domain is inserted into the target cell membrane when a virus attacks.

Answer 12

viral fusion

Question 13

Sec1 protein binds and changes ____ to refold the SNARE proteins back into the _________.

Answer 13

syntaxin; active conformation

Question 13

Name 3 enveloped viruses.

Answer 13

1) HIV 2) ebola 3) influenza

Question 14

____ and ____ are located in the target membrane.

Answer 14

Syntaxin; SNAP

Question 15

A transport vesicle needs to be delivered to the ____ via help of _____ that move along ____ or microtubule tracks.

Answer 15

fusion site; molecular motor proteins; actin

Question 16

What does NSF stand for?

Answer 16

N-ethyl-maleimide sensitive fusion protein

Question 18

NSF uses ATP hydrolysis to _____ needed to disassemble the _____.

Answer 18

generate energy; SNARE complex

Question 19

The membrane fusion thermodynamically is highly ______ event, since it needs to overcome the repulsive _____ and dissipate the _____ between two lipid bilayers.

Answer 19

inefficient; ionic forces; hydration

Question 19

________ drives membrane fusion.

Answer 19

The formation of highly stable SNARE complex

Question 20

What does VAMPs stand for?

Answer 20

vesicle associated membrane protein

Question 21

NSF and αSNAP ______.

Answer 21

disassemble the SNARE complex

Question 22

_____ protein binds and changes syntaxin to refold the _____ back into the active conformation.

Answer 22

Sec1; SNARE proteins

Question 24

A ______ needs to be delivered to the fusion site via help of molecular motor proteins that move along actin or \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 24

transport vesicle; microtubule tracks

Question 25

What does αSNAP stand for?

Answer 25

soluble NSF attachment protein

Question 27

\_\_\_\_ is located in the transport vesicle.

Answer 27

VAMP

Question 28

What does SNAPs stand for?

Answer 28

synaptosome associated protein

Question 29

What does SNAREs stand for?

Answer 29

soluble NSF attachment protein receptor

Question 30

There are three main classes of SNAREs: \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 30

syntaxins, VAMPs, and SNAPs