FA GI Flashcards by Morgan Muncey-Buckley

What is a ranula?

Pseudocyst of major salivary clans
Blue swelling on floor of mouth

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Immunocompromised person with odynophagia, what should be on differential?

Candiadasis

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Treat CMV

Ganciclovir

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Candida esophagitis is

AIDS defining illness

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Muscle of oesophagus?

Upper = skeletal
Lower 2/3 = smooth

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What is affected in achalasia?

Myenteric plexus

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Treat achlasia

Heller’s myotomy

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Which hiatal hernias need surgery no matter what?

Paraoeophageal

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Major risk factor for adenocarcinoma of esophagus

Barrett

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One unit of RBCs should increase hemoglobin by how much?

1g/dL

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How do you diagnose esophageal cancer?

HAS TO BE BIOPSY

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Upper GI bleeding diagnosis

NG tube and lavage, endoscopy is definitive

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Lower GI bleeding diagnosis

Anoscopy, sigmoid <45
Colonoscopu

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What is a Dieulafoy lesion?

Anatomical variant of a submucosal arteriole in the stomach wall
Painless bleeding from unidentifiable source
EGD!

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Dyspepsia who gets endoscopy?

> 60
<60 Those with red flag symptoms

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Type A vs B gastritis

Fundus (autoimmune) vs antrum (NSAIDS, H pylori)

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Diagnostic test for gastritis

Endoscopy

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Test of cure for H pylori?

Urea breath or stool, antibodies will stay +

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Curling ulcers

Burns

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Cushing ulcers

ICP

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In order for a stool antigen test to be accurate…

Off PPI for 2 weeks

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What malignancy can be cured with antibiotics?

MALT lymphoma (because caused by H pylori)

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Perforated ulcer first step

XRAY abdomen

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ZE syndrome diagnosis

Gastrin levels >1000, increase in gastrin with secretin, pH <2

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ZE triad

Diarrhoea Hypercalcemia from hyperparathyroid Epigastric pain (ulcer)

Anterior ulcers

Perforate

Posterior ulcers

Bleed Gastroduodenal artery

Menetrier disease?

Large gastric folds due to hyperplasia of gastric mucosa and reduced gastric acid secretion

Secretory diarrhoea cause

VIPoma, carcinoid tumour

Low osmotic gap diarrhoea

Secretory (bacteria)

High osmotic gap diarrhoea

Osmotic (celiac, Whipple, laxatives)

Diarrhoea Sigmoidoscopy reveals pseudomembranes

CDIFF

Why do carcinoid syndrome get B3 deficiency?

Tryptophan is metabolized to serotonin

Treat bowel obstruction

Fluid resus

Ischemic colitis XRAY Meseteric ischemia xray

Thumbprinting Ileus

Out of proportion abdominal pain

Acute mesenteric ischaemia

Diagnosis of chronic mesenteric ischemia

Duplex

Aetiology AMI vs ischemic colitis

Atherosclerosis, cholesterol emboli Dehydration/perfusion issue

Where is McBurny

1/3 from ASIS to umbilicus

Small bowel obstruction later treatment

NG compression, IV fluids, NPO status May require surgery

Bowel dilation rule

3- small 6-large/appedix 9-cecum

Colorectal cancer on imaging

Left sided = apple core! Right = exophytic bulky mass

UC or Chrons has higher risk of CRC

Adenomatous polyps and CRC

Villous>tubular sessile>pedunculated

Lynch syndrome cancers

Colorectal Endometrial Ovarian

Most accurate test for ischemia colitis

Angiography

Indirect hernia

Infant Congenital patent processus vaginalis

Direct hernia

Old age

Femoral hernia

Below inguinal ligament lateral to pubic tubercle

Spigelian hernia

Beside restus muscle

Hesselbach triangle

Inguinal ligament Rectus muscle inferior epigastric

Unconjugated bilirubin

Gilbert Criger Nijar

Defective excretion of bilirubin (conjugated)

DJ syndrome Rotor syndrome

Most common acute hepatitis worldwide

Hep A

Chronic hepatitis

HCV

Blood born hepatitis

HBV

Which is dependent on HBV

HDV

High mortality rate in pregnant women, fecal oral hepatitis

HEV

Autoimmune hepatitis antibodies

Anti-smoothie muscle ANA

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Paracentesis

LFT over 1000

Drug induced hepatitis Ischemic hepatitis

Ischemic hepatitis

"shock liver"

Diagnose PSC

ERCP

Treat PSC

ERCP with dilation Liver transplant

Treat PBC

Ursodeoxycholic acid Cholestyramine for pruritis

Woman on OCP with liver mass

Hepatic adenoma

Haemachromatosis is autosomal

Recessive

Treat wilsons

Penecillamine, zinc

Liver mass stellate scar

FNH

How do you get a hydatid cyst?

Echinococcus infection This is a parasite =Cyst with daughter cyst

Who gets insulinomas

Men1

Hypoglycemia Whipple triad

Hypo on venipuncture Sweating, palpitations, anxiety Resolution of symptoms with glucose

Diagnosis of insulinoma

Cpep and insulin elevated

VIPoma symptoms

Watery Diarrhoea, Dehydration, Muscle weakness, Flushing

Palpable non tender galbladder

Coursoirsier sign

Migratory thrombophlebitis

Trousseau