FA Renal

Question 1

Hypernatremia urine osmolality <300
Rise with desmopressin
Does not rise with desmopressin

Answer 1

Central DI
Nephrogenic DI

Question 2

How quickly do you correct hypernatremia?

Answer 2

<0.5mEq/L/hr

Question 3

Hyponatremia with euvolemia or hypervolemia treat

Answer 3

Water restriction +- diuretics

Question 4

What causes hypokalaemia?

Answer 4

Insulin, B agonists, alkalosis, diarrhoea, NG tube, vomiting, etc.

Question 5

If hypokalaemia is not responding to K+, check which levels?

Answer 5

Magnesium

Question 6

PTH independant hypercalcemia

Answer 6

raised 25, OH vit D: Vit D toxicity
raised 1,25: Sarcoid, lymphoma
Increased PTHrP: malignancy
Normal: myeloma, hyperthyroid, immobilization

Question 7

Treat hypercalc.

Answer 7

Fluids +- calcitonin (can use furosemide and bisphosphonates)

Question 8

Who gets hypo magnesium?

Answer 8

Alcoholics

Question 9

What blood gas is seen in aspirin overdose

Answer 9

Resp alk (first)
Metabolic ac (later)

Question 10

Vision loss, metabolic acidosis high gap

Answer 10

Methanol

Question 11

Envelope shaped stones, metabolic high gap

Answer 11

Ethylene

Question 12

Intrinsic AKI BUN:Cr

Answer 12

<15:1

Question 13

Prerenal BUN:Cr

Answer 13

> 20:1

Question 14

Instrinic AKI causes

Answer 14

ATN AIN

Question 15

BP in CKD target

Answer 15

130/80

Question 16

Thiazides work on

Answer 16

DCT

Question 17

K sparing work on

Answer 17

Collecting duct

Question 18

Loop diuretics work on

Answer 18

Ascending limb (thick)

Question 19

Mannitol and Acetazolamide

Answer 19

PCT

Question 20

Treat a renal acidosis

Answer 20

Bicarb!

Question 21

Carbonic anhydrase are CI in
SE?

Answer 21

Sulfa allergy
Metabolic acidosis

Question 22

Loop diuretics SE

Answer 22

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 23

Calcium loop vs thiazide

Answer 23

Decreases
Increases

Question 24

Kidney + lung

Answer 24

MPA

Question 25

Kidney + lung + sinus

Answer 25

GPA

Question 26

Kidney + asthma

Answer 26

eGPA

Question 27

C3 in PSGN

Answer 27

low

Question 28

MPGN treatment

Answer 28

Prednisolone and immunosuppresive

Question 29

Goodpasture treatment

Answer 29

Plasma exchange

Question 30

GOLD STANDARD DIAGNOSIS OF KIDNEY STONES

Answer 30

CT non contast

Question 31

Pregnant patient with kidney stone investigation

Answer 31

US

Question 32

How to reduce spasms in kidney stones

Answer 32

A blockers (tamsulosin) and CCB

Question 33

Test for cystinuria

Answer 33

Cyanide nitroprusside test

Question 34

Hydrocele is from

Answer 34

Processus Vaginalis remnant

Question 35

Where does BPH most commonly occur?

Answer 35

Central!

Question 36

Where does prostate cancer occur?

Answer 36

Lateral!

Question 37

Most accurate test for prostate cancer

Answer 37

Trans rectal biopsy

Question 38

An increased PSA can be caused by

Answer 38

BPH, prostatitis, trauma, or carcinoma

Question 39

Treatment of bladder cancer in situ

Answer 39

Intravesicular chemo or transurethral resection