FA Rapid Review 1

Question 1

Negative Nikolsky’s Sign

Answer 1

Bullous Pemphigoid

Question 2

Cradle Cap

Answer 2

Seborrheic Keratosis, Tx antifungals

Question 3

Dewdrop on a rose petal

Answer 3

Lesions of primary varicella

Question 4

Doughy skin

Answer 4

hypernatremia

Question 5

stones, bones, psychiatric overtones

Answer 5

s/s hypercalcemia

Question 6

stuck on appearance

Answer 6

seborrheic keratosis

Question 7

A flutter finding on EKG

Answer 7

sawtooth P waves

Question 8

Tx HTN in diabetic w/ proteinuria

Answer 8

ACEI

Question 9

Drugs that slow AV nodal transmission

Answer 9

BB, CCBs, digoxin

Question 10

post-MI fever, pericarditis, increased ESR

Answer 10

Dressler’s Syndrome

Question 11

IV drug use with JVD and holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border. Treatment?

Answer 11

Tricuspid regurg, Tx heart failure and valve replacement

Question 12

Diagnostic test for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Answer 12

Echocardiogram (showing thickened left ventricular wall and outflow obstruction)

Question 13

A fall in systolic BP of > 10 mmHg with inspiration.

Answer 13

Pulsus paradoxus (seen in cardiac tamponade)

Question 14

Classic ECG findings in pericarditis.

Answer 14

Low-voltage, diffuse ST-segment elevation

Question 15

Definition of HTN

Answer 15

BP > 140/90 on three separate occasions two weeks apart

Question 16

Eight surgically correctable causes of hypertension.

Answer 16

Renal artery stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, pheochromocytoma, Conn’s syndrome, Cushing’s syndrome, unilateral renal parenchymal disease, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism

Question 17

Evaluation of a pulsatile abdominal mass and bruit.

Answer 17

Abdominal ultrasound and CT

Question 18

Indications for surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Answer 18

> 5.5 cm, rapidly enlarging, symptomatic, or ruptured

Question 19

Treatment for acute coronary syndrome.

Answer 19

Morphine, O2, sublingual nitroglycerin, ASA, IV β-blockers, heparin

Question 20

Appropriate diagnostic test? ■ A 65-year-old woman with left bundle branch block and severe osteoarthritis has unstable angina.

Answer 20

Pharmacologic stress test (e.g., dobutamine echo)

Question 21

Signs of active ischemia during stress testing.

Answer 21

Angina, ST-segment changes on ECG, or ↓ BP

Question 22

A young patient has angina at rest with ST-segment elevation. Cardiac enzymes are normal.

Answer 22

Prinzmetal’s angina

Question 23

The diagnostic test for pulmonary embolism.

Answer 23

V/Q scan

Question 24

Endocarditis prophylaxis regimens.

Answer 24

Oral surgery—amoxicillin; GI or GU procedures—ampicillin and gentamicin before and amoxicillin after

Question 25

The most common cause of hypertension in young men.

Answer 25

The most common cause of hypertension in young men.

Question 26

The most common type of skin cancer; the lesion is a pearly-colored papule with a translucent surface and telangiectasias.

Answer 26

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 27

A febrile patient with a history of diabetes presents with a red, swollen, painful lower extremity.

Answer 27

Cellulitis

Question 28

Positive Nikolsky's Sign

Answer 28

Pemphigus Vulgaris

Question 29

A 55-year-old obese patient presents with dirty, velvety patches on the back of the neck.

Answer 29

Acanthosis nigricans. Check fasting blood sugar to rule out diabetes

Question 30

Flat-topped papules.

Answer 30

Lichen planus

Question 31

Iris-like target lesions.

Answer 31

Erythema multiforme

Question 32

A 16-year-old presents with an annular patch of alopecia with broken-off, stubby hairs.

Answer 32

Alopecia areata (autoimmune process)

Question 33

Pinkish, scaling, flat lesions on the chest and back. KOH prep has a "spaghetti-and-meatballs" appearance.

Answer 33

Pityriasis versicolor

Question 34

Premalignant lesion from sun exposure that can → squamous cell carcinoma.

Answer 34

actinic keratosis

Question 35

Associated with Propionibacterium acnes and changes in androgen levels.

Answer 35

Acne vulgaris

Question 36

Inflammation and epithelial thinning of the anogenital area, predominantly in postmenopausal women.

Answer 36

Lichen sclerosus

Question 37

Exophytic nodules on the skin with varying degrees of scaling or ulceration; the second most common type of skin cancer.

Answer 37

SCCA

Question 38

The most common cause of hypothyroidism.

Answer 38

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Question 39

Lab findings in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Answer 39

High TSH, low T4, antimicrosomal antibodies

Question 40

Exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema, and ↓ TSH.

Answer 40

Graves' disease

Question 41

A patient presents with signs of hypocalcemia, high phosphorus, and low PTH.

Answer 41

Hypoparathyroidism

Question 42

A patient complains of headache, weakness, and polyuria; exam reveals hypertension and tetany. Labs reveals hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis.

Answer 42

1° hyperaldosteronism (due to Conn's syndrome or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia)

Question 43

A patient presents with tachycardia, wild swings in BP, headache, diaphoresis, altered mental status, and a sense of panic.

Answer 43

Pheochromocytoma

Question 44

A patient with a history of lithium use presents with copious amounts of dilute urine.

Answer 44

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)

Question 45

Treatment of central DI.

Answer 45

Administration of DDAVP ↓ serum osmolality and free water restriction

Question 46

A postoperative patient with significant pain presents with hyponatremia and normal volume status.

Answer 46

SIADH due to stress

Question 47

An antidiabetic agent associated with lactic acidosis.

Answer 47

Metformin

Question 48

A patient presents with weakness, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and new skin pigmentation. Labs show hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. Treatment?

Answer 48

1° adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease). Treat with replacement glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and IV fluids

Question 49

Tx DKA

Answer 49

Fluids, insulin, and aggressive replacement of electrolytes (e.g., K+)

Question 50

Why are β-blockers contraindicated in diabetics?

Answer 50

They can mask symptoms of hypoglycemia

Question 51

Cross-sectional survey—incidence or prevalence?

Answer 51

Prevalence

Question 52

Cross-sectional survey—incidence or prevalence?

Answer 52

Incidence and prevalence

Question 53

Case-control study—incidence or prevalence?

Answer 53

neither

Question 54

Describe a test that consistently gives identical results, but the results are wrong.

Answer 54

High reliability, low validity

Question 55

Difference between a cohort and a case-control study.

Answer 55

Cohort studies can be used to calculate relative risk (RR), incidence, and/or odds ratio (OR). Case-control studies can be used to calculate an OR

Question 56

Number needed to treat?

Answer 56

1 ÷ (rate in untreated group − rate in treated group)

Question 57

In which patients do you initiate colorectal cancer screening early?

Answer 57

Patients with IBD; those with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)/hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC); and those who have first-degree relatives with adenomatous polyps (< 60 years of age) or colorectal cancer

Question 58

The most common cancer in men and the most common cause of death from cancer in men.

Answer 58

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men, but lung cancer causes more deaths

Question 59

The percentage of cases within one SD of the mean? Two SDs? Three SDs?

Answer 59

68%, 95.5%, 99.7%

Question 60

A 15-year-old pregnant girl requires hospitalization for preeclampsia. Should her parents be informed?

Answer 60

No. Parental consent is not necessary for the medical treatment of pregnant minors

Question 61

A doctor refers a patient for an MRI at a facility he/she owns.

Answer 61

Conflict of interest