Flashcards in Set 3 Deck (50)
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1
Ash leaf spots, cardiac and kidney tumors, seizures / developmental delay?
Tuberous Sclerosis (mutation in 2 tumor suppressor genes)
2
Lens dissociaton associated with (2)
homocysteinuria = downward
Marfan's = upward
3
AMS, ataxia, nystagmus and conjugate gaze palsy
Wernicke's encephalopathy (B1 thiamine def)
4
Pathogenesis of statin-induced myopathy
inhibits intracellular coenzyme Q10 synthesis
5
Pathogenesis of RHF in COPD patient
pulmonary HTN from chronic hypoxemia --> constriction of pulmonary arterial system
6
What do prolonged QRS vs. prolonged QT indicate?
QRS = bradyarrhythmia (BBB)
QT = tachyarrhythmia (subtype of Vtach)
7
Tx Dressler's Syndrome
NSAIDs > > corticosteroids
8
Banana bag
Thiamine 1st then dextrose, naloxone and O2
9
2 causes of pulsus paradoxus
I.e. drop in SBP >10 during Inspiration
1. Cardiac tamponade
2. Severe asthma/COPD
(during inspiration blood pools in the lungs --> decreased LV preload --> decreased CO)
10
Complications of Strep Pharyngitis vs. Impetigo?
Strep pharyngitis can lead to PSGN, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever
Impetigo can only cause PSGN
11
ST depression V1 and V2
Posterior wall MI
12
Dx, Tx heat stroke
T >105F
Tx evaporative cooling (water spray / fans)
13
Tx Raynauds
Nifedipine (dihydropyridine CCB)
14
2 major causes of pseudotumor cerebri?
Vit. A toxicity (isotretinoin or prolonged tetracylcine use), OCPs
15
Tx depression WITH insomnia
Trazadone
16
Exudative (increased protein) effusion withOUT evidence of infection
Malignancy --> BCA or Lung MC
17
2 cardiac problems where Mg sulfate is the Tx
Torsades and digoxin OD
18
Pathogenesis of hyperprolactinemia
decreased DA in hypothalamus/tuberoinfundibular pathway --> LOSS of normal inhibition on PRL release from ANTERIOR pituitary. Hence, see increased PRL in patients on antipsychotics (DA antagonists)
19
Immune response elicited by Pneumoccocal polyvalent (subunit) vaccine
B cell only b/c polysaccharides* can't be presented to T cells (peptides and proteins can be though)
20
Decreased grip --> nerve injured
ulnar --> INTEROSSEOUS muscles
21
Tx asystole or PEA
CPR --> epinephrine
DO NOT SHOCK unless in vfib or pulseless vtach
22
HTN, hematuria and abd mass in a young person, think? associated with? (2)
PKD (autosomal dominant)
a/w cerebral aneurysms and strokes
23
3 DA pathways and ass. conditions
mesolimbic - excitatory - schizophrenia (incr. DA)
tuberoinfundibular - inhibitory - hyperPRL (decr. DA)
nigrostriatal - inhibitory - parkinsonism (decr. DA)
24
JVD, Kussmaul's sign, hypotension, clear lung fields and NORMAL heart sounds (not muffled)? Tx?
RHF (vs. cardiac tamponade w/ muffled heart sounds).
Tx = IVF to sustain preload and BP, avoid nitro or diuretics
25
What is injured with fx of supracondylar region of humerus?
median nerve and/or brachial artery
26
Child with syncope and hearing impairment? Tx?
QT prolongation syndrome - often + FHx
Tx BB +/- pacemaker if sx
27
Tx DCM
BB or CCB
28
decreased radial pulses that disappear with deep inspiration?
pulsu paradoxus --> cardiac tamponade
29
RF for AAA, oeprative criteria
RF = age >60, SMOKING, fhx, atherosclerosis
(****NOT HTN which is RF for aortic dissection)
Operate if >5.5cm, symptomatic or rapidly expanding
30
