Face and Parotid Gland

Question 1

Bones of Anterior Skull

Answer 1

1. Frontal Bone - forehead & roof of orbit
2. Maxillae - floor of orbit; surrounds piriform aperture
3. Mandible - lower jaw; body & ramus; mental protuberance

Question 2

Major foramina of facial region and nerves

Answer 2

1. Supraorbital notch - supraorbital nerve & vessels
2. Infraorbital foramen - infraorbital nerve & vessels
3. Mental foramen - mental nerve & vessels
4. Stylomastoid foramen - terminal part of Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Question 3

Innervation of all muscles of facial expression

Answer 3

Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Question 4

Which arch do muscles of facial expression develop with

Answer 4

2nd pharyngeal arch

Question 5

Major Muscles of Facial Expression

Answer 5

1. Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
2. Zygomaticus Major
3. Orbicularis Oris
4. Depressor anguli Oris
5. Buccinator
6. Orbicularis Oculi
7. Frontalis
8. Corrugator supercilii

Question 6

What pierces Buccinator

Answer 6

Duct of Parotid gland

Question 7

Major vascular supply of face

Answer 7

1. External carotid artery
   
   1. Facial artery
   2. Superficial temporal artery
      
      1. Transverse facial
2. Internal Carotid artery
   
   1. opthalmic artery - eye/orbit
      
      1. joins Supraorbital & Supratrochlear arteries

• Anastomose at midline

Question 8

Branches of Facial artery

Answer 8

1. Inferior Labial
2. Superior Labial
3. Lateral Nasal

• terminates as Angular Artery towards medial corner of eye

Question 9

Vein of Face and Communications

Answer 9

Facial Vein

• No Valves
• drains into IJV
• Communicates with
  
  • Opthalmic vein
  • Infraorbital vein
  • Deep Facial Vein
  • Pterygoid vein
• All communicate with Intracranial veins

Question 10

Parotid Gland

Answer 10

• Largest salivary gland
• Passes into oral cavity via parotid duct
• Pierces Buccinator
• Innervation: Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)

Question 11

Structures that pass through Parotid Gland

Answer 11

1. Facial Nerve (CN VII)
2. Retromandibular Vein
3. External Carotid

Question 12

Branches of Facial Nerve

Answer 12

1. Temporal
2. Zygomatic
3. Buccal
4. Mandibular
5. Cervical
6. Posterior auricular branch (to occipitalis and auricular muscles)

• “To Zanzibar By Motor Car”

Question 13

Retromandibular Vein Divisions

Answer 13

1. Anterior Branch
   
   1. Joins Facial Vein
2. Posterior Branch
   
   1. joins External Jugular Vein

Question 14

Branches of External Carotid Artery

Answer 14

1. Maxillary artery
2. Superficial Temporal artery

Question 15

Lymph nodes of Head & Neck

Answer 15

• Superficial Lymph Nodes
  
  • Occipital Nodes
  • Mastoid Nodes
  • Parotid Nodes
  • Submandibular Nodes
  • Submental Nodes
• All drain to Deep Cervical Nodes

Question 16

Where do Deep Cervical Nodes drain to

Answer 16

• Right Lymphatic Duct (right Side)
• Thoracic duct (Left side)
• Drain into Venous Angles

Question 17

“Special” Cranial Nerves

Answer 17

• Special Sensory nerves (Taste, touch, etc)
• Branchiomotor nerves - assoc. with pharyngeal arches (CN V, VII, IX, X)
• Cranials w/ parasympathetics - CN III, VII, IX, X

Question 18

Branchiomotor Nerves

Answer 18

• Nerves associated with Pharyngeal Arches
• CN V, VII, IX, X

Question 19

Parasympathetic (Visceral Motor) Cranial Nerves

Answer 19

• Occulomotor Nerve (CN III)
• Facial Nerve (CN VII)
• Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
• Vagus Nerve (CN X)

Question 20

Pairs of Parasympathetic ganglia in Head

Answer 20

• Ciliary ganglia
• Otic ganglia
• Pterogopalatine ganglia
• Submandibular ganglia

Question 21

4 Major Functions of Facial Nerve

Answer 21

1. Innervation of Facial Expressoin muscles via Branchiomotor Nerves of CN VII
2. Taste sensaiton from anterior 2/3 tongue via chorda tympani nerve
3. Parasympathetic innervation of lacrimal/nasal glands via greater petrosal nerve AND sublingual/submandibular gland via chorda tympani nerve
4. General sensation to ear/canal

Question 22

Major sensory nerve of face

Answer 22

Trigeminal Nerve

• associated with Trigeminal Ganglion in cranial cavity

Question 23

Major Branches of Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)

Answer 23

1. Opthalmic Branch (V1)
   
   1. General sensory
2. Maxillary (V2)
   
   1. General sensory
3. Mandibular (V3)
   
   1. General Sensory
   2. AND
   3. Branchiomotor

Question 24

Trigeminal Dermatomes

Answer 24

Question 25

Branchiomotor innervations by CN V3

Answer 25

1. Masseter 2. Temporalis 3. Pterygoids 4. Mylohyoid 5. Anterior Digastric 6. Tensor veli Palatini 7. Tensory tympani