Factors affecting obedience ~ Culture Flashcards
(23 cards)
1
Q
Culture
A
- collective beliefs, attitudes and social norms of a group of people
- behaviours and norms are passed on from one generation to the next
- typically resistant to change over time
2
Q
Individualistic culture
A
- behave more independently
- resist conformity / obedience
- emphasize importance of personal freedom
- told to respect authority but to be self reliant
- assertive
- unique
3
Q
example of individualistic cultures
A
- Britain
- America
4
Q
collectivist cultures
A
- behave as a collective group
- based on interdependence
- cooperation & compliance is important for stability of group
- increasing obedience
- respect traditions of culture
- obedience and conformity is positive to connect with others
5
Q
examples of a collectivist culture
A
- China
- Israel
6
Q
Smith & Bond = individualistic cultures
A
- behave independently
- concerned with independent success
7
Q
Smith & Bond = collectivist cultures
A
- group decision making highly valued
- concerned with well-being of their community
8
Q
Smith & Bond = overall belief
A
- culture can affect levels of independent behaviour
- both in terms of culture itself and the situation within the culture at the time
9
Q
Kagitcibasi
A
- wide scale study on parental attitudes to childs behaviours and expectations
- across wide range of nationalities
10
Q
Kagitcibasi = findings
A
- in countries such as Turkey and Indonseia
- Children were obedient to parents
- with little room for independence
- In America and Korea
- independence was encouraged
- obedience discouraged
11
Q
Milgram
A
- cross cultural variations of Milgram were replicated around the world
12
Q
Kilham and Mann (Milgram V)
A
- lowest obedience
- 28% of participants went up to 450 V
- Australia
- First year students
13
Q
Edwards et al (Milgram V)
A
- high obedience rating = 87.5 %
- South Africa
14
Q
why did Kilham and Mann and Edwards et al find differing results
A
- cultures are brought up to view obedience differently
- Australia = individualist culture
- South Africa = collectivist culture
15
Q
what would Kilham and Manns results suggest
A
- participants rebelling against authoritative orders
16
Q
Meeus and Raajmakers
A
- conducted a study of administrative violence
- for more ecological validity
17
Q
Meeus and Raajmakers procedure
A
- experimenter
- actual participant
- confederate = job applicant
- pps asked to disturb job applicant while he was taking a test as part of his application
- they were told if they failed the test they would not get the job and would be unemployed
- participant had to make 15 stress remarks about the applicant which would be detrimental to their performance, e.g personality remark
- if pps refused = 4 prods
18
Q
Meeus and Raajmakers = control
A
- instructed to make 15 negative remarks
- not told they HAD to make all 15
19
Q
Meeus and Raajmakers = findings
A
- 92% experimental group obeyed
- none of control group made all 15 remarks
20
Q
Meeus and Raajmakers - limitations
A
- not exact replication of Milgrams original study
- may influence overall findings
- variation in findings may be due to differences in experimental design
- not culture
21
Q
Limitations = Shanab and Yahya
A
- not all collectivist cultures are more obedient to authority than individualist cultures
= inconclusive whether cross cultural differences exist
22
Q
Limitations = Milgram
A
- original study took place in New Haven America
- Individualist culture
- 65% obedience rate despite culture
23
Q
Why may research lack credibility
A
- lots of supporting research are variations of Milgrams original study
- Lab - based experiment
- lacks ecological validity
