FIS - Module 4

Question 1

Organized collection of data

Answer 1

Database

Question 2

Group of programs that manipulate the database
Provide an interface between the database and its users and other application programs

Answer 2

Database management system (DBMS)

Question 3

Skilled IS professional who directs all activities related to an organization’s database

Answer 3

Database administrator (DBA)

Question 4

Data Management

Answer 4

• Without data and the ability to process the data:
• • An organization could not successfully complete most business activities
• Data consists of raw facts
• To transform data into useful information:
• • It must first be organized in a meaningful way

Question 5

The Hierarchy of Data

Answer 5

Bit (a binary digit):
Circuit that is either on or off
Byte:
Typically made up of eight bits
Character:
Basic building block of information
Field:
Name, number, or combination of characters that describes an aspect of a business object or activity
Record:
Collection of related data fields
File:
Collection of related records
Database:
Collection of integrated and related files

Question 6

Circuit that is either on or off

Answer 6

Bit (a binary digit)

Question 7

Typically made up of eight bits

Answer 7

Byte

Question 8

Basic building block of information

Answer 8

Character

Question 9

Name, number, or combination of characters that describes an aspect of a business object or activity

Answer 9

Field

Question 10

Collection of related data fields

Answer 10

Record

Question 11

Collection of related records

Answer 11

File

Question 12

Collection of integrated and related files

Answer 12

Database

Question 13

General class of people, places, or things (objects) for which data is collected, stored, and maintained

Answer 13

Entity

Question 14

Characteristic of an entity

Answer 14

Attribute

Question 15

Specific value of an attribute

Answer 15

Data item

Question 16

Field or set of fields in a record that is used to identify the record

Answer 16

Key

Question 17

Field or set of fields that uniquely identifies the record

Answer 17

Primary key

Question 18

Refers to the primary key in another table.

Answer 18

Foreign key

Question 19

Each distinct operational system used data files dedicated to that system

Answer 19

Traditional approach to data management

Question 20

Pool of related data is shared by multiple application programs

Answer 20

Database approach to data management

Question 21

When building a database, an organization must consider:

Answer 21

Content: What data should be collected and at what cost?
Access: What data should be provided to which users and when?
Logical structure: How should data be arranged so that it makes sense to a given user?
Physical organization: Where should data be physically located?

Question 22

Building a database requires two types of designs:

Answer 22

Logical design:
Abstract model of how data should be structured and arranged to meet an organization’s information needs
Physical design:
Starts from the logical database design and fine- tunes it for performance and cost considerations

Question 23

Abstract model of how data should be structured and arranged to meet an organization’s information needs

Answer 23

Logical design

Question 24

Starts from the logical database design and fine- tunes it for performance and cost considerations

Answer 24

Physical design

Question 25

`Starts by investigating the general data and information needs` of the organization at the strategic level

Answer 25

**Enterprise data modeling**

Question 26

Data models that use `basic graphical symbols to show the organization of and relationships between data`

Answer 26

**Entity-relationship (ER) diagrams**

Question 27

* Describes data using a standard tabular format * Each row of a table represents a data entity (record) * Columns of the table represent attributes (fields) * Domain: * Allowable values for data attributes

Answer 27

**Relational model**

Question 28

Eliminates rows according to certain criteria

Answer 28

**Selecting**

Question 29

Eliminates columns in a table

Answer 29

**Projecting**

Question 30

Combines two or more tables

Answer 30

**Joining**

Question 31

Manipulating two or more tables that share at least one common data attribute

Answer 31

**Linking**

Question 32

Simple database program whose records have no relationship to one another

Answer 32

**Flat file**

Question 33

`Only one person can use the database at a time` **Examples**: Access, FileMaker Pro, and InfoPath

Answer 33

**Single user**

Question 34

`Allow dozens or hundreds` of people to access the same database system `at the same time` **Examples**: Oracle, Sybase, and IBM

Answer 34

**Multiple users**

Question 35

* Used to describe the `entire database` * Can be part of the database or a separate schema file

Answer 35

**Schema**

Question 36

Can reference a schema to find where to access the requested data in relation to another piece of data

Answer 36

**DBMS**

Question 37

Method of dealing with a situation in which `two or more users or applications need to access the same record at the same time`

Answer 37

**Concurrency control**

Question 38

* Works with users to `decide the content of the database` * Works with programmers as they build applications to ensure that their programs comply with database management system standards and conventions

Answer 38

**DBA**

Question 39

Responsible for` defining and implementing consistent principles for a variety of data issues`

Answer 39

**Data administrator**

Question 40

**Important characteristics of databases to consider `(Selecting a Database Management System)`:**

Answer 40

Database size Database cost Concurrent users Performance Integration Vendor

Question 41

**DBMSs can act as _ or _.**

Answer 41

front-end or back-end applications: **Front-end applications** interact directly with people **Back-end applications** interact with other programs or applications

Question 42

**Common manipulations:**

Answer 42

– Searching, filtering, synthesizing, and assimilating data contained in a database using a number of database applications