FIS - Module 5 - 6

Question 1

:the factoring of the lifetime of an information system into two stages, (1) systems development and (2) systems operation and maintenance.

Answer 1

Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

Question 2

:a standardized methodology defines a set of activities, methods, best practices, deliverables, and tools for system developers and project managers to develop and continuously improve information systems and software.

Answer 2

Systems Development Process

Question 3

The overall process for developing information systems from planning and analysis through implementation and maintenance

Answer 3

**Systems development life cycle (SDLC) **–

Question 4

consists of:
1. planning
1. analysis
1. design
1. development
1. testing
1. implementation
1. maintenance

Answer 4

Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

Question 5

– An information systems strategy plan has examined the business as a whole to identify those system development projects that will return the greatest strategic (long-term) value to the business

Answer 5

Planned Projects

Question 6

Triggered by a specific problem, opportunity, or directive that occurs in the course of doing business.

Answer 6

Unplanned projects
Triggered by a specific problem, opportunity, or directive that occurs in the course of doing business.
Backlog – a repository of project proposals that cannot be funded or staffed because they are a lower priority than those that have been approved for system development.

Question 7

– a repository of project proposals that cannot be funded or staffed because they are a lower priority than those that have been approved for system development.

Answer 7

Backlog

Question 8

– an actual undesirable situation that prevents the organization from fully achieving its purpose, goals, and/or objectives.

Answer 8

Problem
what

Question 9

– a chance to improve the organization even in the absence of an identified problem

Answer 9

Opportunity
what

Question 10

• a new requirement that is imposed by management, government, or some external influence/parties.

Answer 10

Directive
what

Question 11

project definition

Answer 11

what

Question 12

project justification

Answer 12

why

Question 13

: Do right thing

Answer 13

Effective

Question 14

: Do things right

Answer 14

Efficient

Question 15

: Do things differently

Answer 15

Competitive

Question 16

– an information system’s sponsors and executives advocate, usually responsible for funding the project of developing, operating, and maintaining the information system. They define the SCOPE of a system: what business problem to be solved
– They view the system in term of cost/benefit to solve a business problem

Answer 16

System owners

Question 17

– use or are affected by an information system on a regular basis – capturing, validating, entering, responding to, storing, and exchanging data and information. They define the REQUIREMENTS of the system.
* Internal users
* External users

Answer 17

System users

Question 18

translate system users’ business requirements and constraints into technical solution: computer databases, inputs, outputs, networks, and software meeting the system users’ requirements. Their activities relate to the DESIGN of a system

Answer 18

System designers

Question 19

constructs information systems based on the design specifications from the system designers. Their activities relate to building the COMPONENTS of the system.

Answer 19

System builders

Question 20

study the problems and needs of an organization to determine how people, data, processes, and information technology can best accomplish improvements for the business. They are FACILITATORS of the system development project.
* A programmer-analyst
* A business analyst / consultant

Answer 20

Systems analysts

Question 21

: What Business Problem

Answer 21

Scope Definition Phase

Question 22

: What System Issues (Info/Data, Processes, Communications/Interfaces)

Answer 22

Problem Analysis Phase

Question 23

: What User Needs

Answer 23

Requirement Analysis Phase

Question 24

: Conceptual Model – What to Do

Answer 24

Logical Design

Question 25

: What Solution

Answer 25

**Decision Analysis Phase**

Question 26

: (Physical Model) - How IT Can Do

Answer 26

**Design Phase**

Question 27

: Do It

Answer 27

**Construction Phase**

Question 28

: Use It

Answer 28

**Implementation Phase**

Question 29

:Is in helping you and your coworkers make more informed decisions

Answer 29

**True potential of information systems**

Question 30

:Use management information reports to find the least expensive way to ship products to market and to solve bottlenecks

Answer 30

**Transportation coordinators**

Question 31

Assist with problem solving, helping people make better decisions and save lives

Answer 31

**Information systems**

Question 32

**Decision-making phase:**

Answer 32

**Intelligence stage**: Identify and define potential problems or opportunities **Design stage**: Develop alternative solutions to the problem and evaluate their feasibility **Choice stage**: Select a course of action

Question 33

Identify and define potential problems or opportunities

Answer 33

**Intelligence stage**:

Question 34

Develop alternative solutions to the problem and evaluate their feasibility

Answer 34

**Design stage**:

Question 35

Select a course of action

Answer 35

**Choice stage**:

Question 36

Includes and goes beyond decision making Includes implementation stage

Answer 36

**Problem solving**

Question 37

Decision makers evaluate the implementation

Answer 37

**Monitoring stage**

Question 38

* Made using a rule, procedure, or quantitative method * Easy to computerize using traditional information systems

Answer 38

**Programmed decision**

Question 39

* Decision that deals with unusual or exceptional situations * Not easily quantifiable

Answer 39

**Nonprogrammed decision**

Question 40

`Finds the best solution`, usually the one that will best help the organization meet its goals

Answer 40

**Optimization model**

Question 41

`Finds a good`, but not necessarily the best, problem solution

Answer 41

**Satisficing model**

Question 42

`Commonly accepted guidelines` or procedures that usually find a good solution

Answer 42

**Heuristics**

Question 43

Performance is typically a function of decision quality and problem complexity

Answer 43

**Decision support systems**

Question 44

Depends on how hard the problem is to solve and implement

Answer 44

**Problem complexity**

Question 45

* Organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to help make decisions that solve problems * Used at all levels * Focus on decision-making effectiveness regarding unstructured or semistructured business problems

Answer 45

**Decision Support Systems (DSS)**

Question 46

A specific DSS might support only one or a few phases

Answer 46

**Support for problem-solving phases**:

Question 47

is concerned with situations or decisions that come up only a few times

Answer 47

**Ad hoc DSS**

Question 48

handles situations or decisions that occur more than once

Answer 48

**Institutional DSS**

Question 49

**Semistructured vs highly structured problems**

Answer 49

**Highly structured problems** are straightforward, requiring known facts and relationships **Semistructured or unstructured problems** are more complex

Question 50

Allows decision makers to easily access and manipulate the DSS and to use common business terms and phrases

Answer 50

**Dialogue manager:**

Question 51

Performs qualitative analysis based on the company’s databases

Answer 51

**Data-driven DSS**:

Question 52

Performs mathematical or quantitative analysis

Answer 52

**Model-driven DSS**:

Question 54

* Allows users to interact with the DSS to obtain information * Assists with all aspects of communications between user and hardware and software that constitute the DSS

Answer 54

**User Interface**

Question 55

Consists of most elements in a DSS, plus software to provide effective support in group decision making Also called group decision support system or computerized collaborative work system

Answer 55

**Group support system (GSS)**

Question 56

* Often called groupware or workgroup software * Helps with joint work group scheduling, communication, and management * software packages: Collabnet OpenMind TeamWare

Answer 56

**GSS software**