front leg muscles Flashcards by jillian Bastidas

Deltoideus

Origins: spine and acromial process of the scapula

Insertion: the deltoid tuberosity

Action: to flex the shoulder

Innervation: axillary nerve

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Infraspinatus

Origins: infraspinatus fossa of scapula

Insertion: the lateral side of the greater tubercle of the humerus

Action: to extend or flex the joint, depending on the degree of extension or position of the joint when the muscle contracts. To abduct the shoulder and to rotate the humerus laterally. To prevent medial rotation when weight bearing and provide lateral stability to the shoulder joint

Innervation: suprascapular nerve

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teres minor

Origins: infraglenoid tubercle and distal third of the caudal border of the scapula

Insertion: the teres minor tuberosity of the humerus (near greater tubercle)

Action: to flex the shoulder, rotate the shoulder laterally and prevent medial rotation when bearing weight

Innervation: axillary nerve

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supraspinatus

Origins: the supraspinous fossa of the scapula

Insertion: the greater tubercle of the humerus, by a thick tendon

Action: to extend and stabilize the shoulder joint

Innervation: suprascapular nerve

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Subscapularis

Origins: the subscapular fossa

Insertion: the lesser tubercle of the humerus

Action: to adduct, extend, and medially stabilize the shoulder joint. To rotate the shoulder medially and prevent lateral rotation when bearing weight

Innervation: subscapular nerve

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teres major

Origins: the caudal angle and adjacent caudal border of the scapula; the caudal surface of the subscapularis

Insertion: (medial side near lesser tubercle) teres major tuberosity on humerus

Action: flex the shoulder joint, rotate the shoulder joint medially, and prevent lateral rotation when bearing weight

Innervation: axillary nerve

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tricpes brachii Long head

Origins: caudal border of the scapula

Insertion: the olecranon tuber

Action: to extend the elbow and flex the shoulder joint

Innervation: radial nerve

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triceps brachii lateral head

Origins: tricipital line of the humerus (lateral side between teres minor and deltoid tuberosity)

Insertion: the olecranon tuber

Action: to extend the elbow

Innervation: radial nerve

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triceps brachii accessory head

Origins: neck of the humerus

Insertion: the olecranon tuber

Action: to extend the elbow

Innervation: radial nerve

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Triceps brachii medial head

Origins: the crest of the lesser tubercle near the teres major tuberosity

Insertion: the olecranon tuber

Action: to extend the elbow

Innervation: radial nerve

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Anconeus

Origins: the lateral supracondylar crest of the lateral and medial epicondyles of the humerus

Insertion: the lateral surface of the proximal end of the ulna (olecranon)

Action: to extend the elbow

Innervation: radial nerve

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Brachialis

Origins: the proximal third of the lateral surface of the humerus

Insertion: the ulnar and radial tuberosities (medial near head)

Action: to flex the elbow joint

Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve

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biceps brachii

Origins: the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

Insertion: the ulna and radial tuberosities (medial side of bones)

Action: to flex the elbow joint and extend the shoulder joint

Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve

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extensor carpi radialis

Origins: the lateral supracondylar crest of humerus

Insertion: the small tuberosities of the dorsal surfaces of the base of the metacarpals II and III

Action: to extend the carpal joint

Innervation: radial nerve

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Common digital extensor

Origins: the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: the extensor processes of the distal phalanges of digit II, III, IV and V

Action: to extend the joints of the four principal digits and the carpus

Innervation: radial nerve

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lateral digital extensor

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Origins: the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: the proximal ends of all the phalanges of digits III IV V but mainly the extensor processes of the digital phalanges of these digits

Action: to extend the carpal joints of the carpus and digits III, IV and V

Innervation: radial nerve

Ulnaris lateralis

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Origins: the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: the lateral aspect of the proximal end of the metacarpal V and the accessory carpal bone

Action: to abduct the manus and flex the carpal joints and support the carpus when extended to support weight

Innervation: radial nerve

Supinator

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Origins: the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: the cranial surface of the proximal fourth of the radius

Action: to rotate the forearm laterally so that the palmar side of the paw faces medially to flex the elbow joint

Innervation: radial nerve

Extensor carpi obliquus

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Origins: the lateral border and cranial surface of the body of the ulna; the interosseous membrane

Insertion: the proximal end of the metacarpal

Action: to abduct the first digit or pollex and extend the carpal joints

Innervation: radial nerve

pronator teres

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Origins: the medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: the medial border of the radius between the proximal and middle thirds

Action: to rotate the forearm medially so that the palmar side of the paw faces the ground, to flex the elbow

Innervation: median nerve

flexor carpi radialis

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Origins: the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the medial border of the radius

Insertion: the palmar side of the base of metacarpals II and III

Action: to flex the carpal joints

Innervation: median nerve

superficial digital flexor

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Origins: the medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: the palmar surface of the base (proximal end) of the middle phalanges of digits II, III, IV, and V

Action: to flex the carpal, metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of digits II, III, IV, and V

Innervation: median nerve

Flexor carpi ulnaris ulnar head

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Origins: the caudal border and medial surface of the olecranon

Insertion: the accessory carpal bone

Action: to flex the carpus

Innervation: ulnar nerve

flexor carpi ulnaris humeral head

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Origins: the medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: the accessory carpal bone

Action: to flex the carpus

Innervation: ulnar nerve

Deep digital flexor humeral head

**Origins:** the medial epicondyle of the humerus **Insertion:** the flexor tubercle of the palmer surface of the distal phalanx of each digit **Action:** to flex the carpal and metacarpophalangeal joints and the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of the digits **Innervation:** ulnar and median nerve

Deep digital flexor ulnar head

**Origins:** the proximal three fourths of the caudal border of the ulna **Insertion:** the flexor tubercle of the palmer surface of the distal phalanx of each digit **Action:** to flex the carpal and metacarpophalangeal joints and the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of the digits **Innervation:** ulnar and median nerve

Cleidocephalicus pars Cervicalis

**Origin:** clavicular intersection **Insertion:** cranial half of the mid-dorsal fibrous raphe and sometimes to the nuchal crest **Action:** Draw the neck and head to the side, to advance the limb, to extend the shoulder joint. **Innervation:** Accessory nerve and ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves

Cleidocephalicus pars mastoidea

**Origin:** clavicular intersection **Insertion:** the mastoid part of the temporal bone with the sternomastoideus muscle **Action:** Draw the neck and head to the side, to advance the limb, to extend the shoulder joint. **Innervation:** Accessory nerve and ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves

Cleidobrachialis

**Origin:** clavicular intersection **Insertion:** the distal end of the cranial border of the humerus. There is also a significant fascial tie into the axilla **Action:** Draw the neck and head to the side, to advance the limb, to extend the shoulder joint. **Innervation:** Accessory nerve and ventral branches of cervical spinal

Trapezius

**Origins:** median raphe of the neck and the supraspinous ligament from the level of the 3rd cervical vertebra to the level of the 9th thoracic vertebra **Insertion:** spine of the scapula **Action:** to elevate and abduct the forelimb **Innervation:** Accessory nerve

Omotransversarius

**Attachments:** the distal end of the spine of the scapula; cranially the transverse process (wing) of the atlas **Action:** to advance the limb or flex the neck laterally **Innervation:** Accessory nerve

Superficial Pectorals Descending

**Origin:** the first sternebra **Insertion:** crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus **Action:** To adduct the limb when it is not bearing weight or to prevent the limb from being abducted when bearing weight **Innervation:** Ventral branch of spinal nerves C7 and C8

Superficial Pectorals Transverse

**Origin:** the first two sternebrae and usually a part of the third; the fibrous raphe between adjacent muscles **Insertion:** crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus **Action:** To adduct the limb when it is not bearing weight or to prevent the limb from being abducted when bearing weight **Innervation:** Ventral branch of spinal nerves C7 and C8

Deep Pectorals

**Origin:** ventral part of the sternum and the fibrous raphe between fellow muscles; deep abdominal fascia in the region of the xiphoid cartilage **Insertion:** the major portion partly muscular, partly tendinous on the lesser tubercle of the humerus; aponeurosis to the greater tubercle and its crest; caudal part to the medial brachial fascia **Action:** when the limb is advanced and fixed in a supporting position, to pull the trunk cranially and to extend the shoulder joint. When not weight bearing to draw the limb caudally and flex the shoulder joint. To adduct the limb. **Innervation:** Caudal pectoral nerves (C8, T1)

Rhomboideus Capitis, Cervicis, Thoracis

**Origins:** The nuchal crest of the occipital bone; median fibrous raphe of the neck; spinous processes of the first 7 thoracic vertebrae **Insertion:** the dorsal border and adjacent surfaces of the scapula **Action**: to elevate the forelimb and draw the scapula against the trunk **Innervation**: ventral branches of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

Latissimus Dorsi

**Origins:** thoracolumbar fascia from the spinous processes of the lumbar and the last 7 & 8 thoracic vertebrae; a muscular attachment to the last two or three ribs **Insertion:** teres major tuberosity of the humerus and the teres major tendon (medial aspect of humerus) **Action:** to draw the free limb caudally as in digging: to flex the shoulder joint **Innervation:** Thoracodorsal nerve (C7, C8, T1)

Serratus Ventralis Cervicis and Thoracis

**Origins:** transverse processes of the last 5 cervical vertebrae and the first 7 or 8 ribs ventral to their middle **Insertion**: the dorsomedial third of the scapula **Action**: to support the trunk and depress the scapula **Innervation:** ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves and the long thoracic nerve (C7)

Interossei 1-4

**Origin:** base of its respective metacarpal bone **Insertion:** two tendons: base of the proximal phalanx. Imbedded in each tendon is a sesamoid bone **Action:** to flex the carpal; and metacarpophalangeal joints and the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of the digits **Innervation:** median and ulnar nerve

Subclavius

**origin:** cranial part of the sternum **insertion:** supraspinatus and shoulder fascia **action:** complement the actions of the deep pectoral: suspend the trunk and stabilize the shoulder joint **innervation:** pectoral nerve

front leg muscles Flashcards

(39 cards)