Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

21 fall: Anatomy > test 3: teeth and jaws > Flashcards

test 3: teeth and jaws Flashcards

(94 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

back of the oral cavity

A

palatoglossal arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

functions of the mouth

A

threat display, defense, vocalization, food acquisition, and processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

tongue is used for

A

food prehension and repositioning, separation of waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

types of taste buds

A

vallate, foliate and fungiform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what papillae do not have tastebuds

A

filiform and conical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

functions of saliva

A

Keeps the mouth moist
Antibacterial: protects teeth
Lubricates swallowing
Begins carbohydrate breakdown
– Saliva also deposits tartar on teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

position of salivary glands

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what type of animals have small salivary glands

A

carnivores- meat wet doesn’t need help to swallow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

saliva contains ___ that starts carb breakdown

A

ptyalin (α-amylase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Saliva production is affected by___

A

: 1) mental state; 2) hydration; 3) presence of objects in the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

sympathetic innervation will do what to saliva?

A

decrease (fight ot flight)

increase (rest and digest)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

mastication

A
  1. Chewing divides food into smaller pieces & prepares it for swallowing
  2. Particle size reduction ↑ surface area & facilitates digestion (chemical)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

___ includes the teeth; jaws & jaw joints; & jaw muscles

A

Masticatory apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

teeth can provide information about

A

age, diet and sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

__ teeth are used for food acquisition

A

incisors and canines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

___are used for food processing

A

premolars and molars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tooth development involves interactions between epithelium & ___

A

mesenchyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

6 dental tissues

A

enamel
dentine
cement
pulp
periodontal ligament
gingiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what three dental tissues are not mineralized

A

pulp
periodontal ligament
gingiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what three dental tissues are mineralized

A

enamel
dentine
cement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

enamel

A

hard & brittle. Resists abrasion.
Covers anatomical crown
97% hydroxyapatite
Acellular – damage can’t be repaired*
Formed by ameloblasts (ectodermal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

dentine

A

elastic. ‘Tough’ zone just below EDJ.
Absorbs & distributes stresses
70 - 80% hydroxyapatite
Formed by odontoblasts (derived from neural crest)
Four types:
Primary dentine (formed before tooth erupts)
Secondary (slowly fills pulp cavity after eruption)
Tertiary dentine (repairs cracks, etc.)
So-called “intermediate cement” (at the CDJ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

cement

A

attachment for periodontal ligament
Covers root (and sometimes also covers crown)
50-65% hydroxyapatite
Formed by cementoblasts
Can be cellular or acellular
Annual layers (# of layers – age estimate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

pulp

A

Pulp (located within the tooth)
Living core of tooth
Includes vessels, nerves, lymphatics, loose CT, & odontoblasts
Vessels & nerves enter & exit via root canal
Odontoblasts are at pulp surface. Have cellular processes that extend to EDJ and CDJ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
periodontal ligament
(lies outside of tooth) Connects tooth to alveolus (socket) in jaw Supports the tooth against bite force Assists in eruption (periodontal traction) Sensory: temperature; tension / pressure; pain
26
gingiva
(lies outside of tooth) Covers jaw bone, & forms a “cuff” around teeth Two types: attached – to jaw bone or tooth cement free – overlaps crown; forms ‘gingival pocket’ Derived from oral mucosa
27
what part of the tooth is acellular
enamel- can not be repaired
28
how does dentine repair itself
odontoblasts processes reach out into the EDJ(enamel-dentine junction) and secrete new dentine (tertiary dentine) to repair itself
29
\_\_\_ covers the root of the tooth
cement
30
living core of the tooth
pulp
31
\_\_\_ attaches root of tooth to the alveolus
periodontal ligament
32
gums or \_\_\_
gingiva
33
what are the pockets around a tooth
gingival pockets
34
4 parts of a tooth
crown neck root alveolus
35
anatomical crown vs clinical crow
1. Crown (height rel. to root length can vary) a. Anatomical crown – enamel-covered b. Clinical crown – visible above gums
36
where to grip a tooth to extract it
neck
37
tooth socket
alveolus
38
any part of the tooth that has an enamel covering
crown (anatomical crown)
39
what kind of animal has very big difference between clinical and anatomical crown?
horse (high crowned teeth)
40
tooth development
1. Oral epithelium (DE) invaginates into jaw mesoderm (DM) to form the “dental lamina” (see E13.5) 2. Tooth buds form on the lamina. Each bud includes: Dental cap – ectoderm (from oral epithelium) → **ameloblasts** (produce enamel)\* cap includes root sheath (at bottom of cap) Dental papilla – ectomesenchym (cranial neural crest) → **odontoblasts** (produce dentine) (DP in E14.5) tooth pulp = remnant of dental papilla Dental follicle – ectomesenchym; surrounds the dental cap and dental papilla. → **cementoblasts** (produce later cement layers) → periodontal ligament (CT connection to alveolus)
41
Oral epithelium (DE) invaginates into jaw mesoderm (DM) to form the \_\_\_
“dental lamina”
42
Tooth ___ form on the lamina
buds
43
tooth buds include
dental cap dental papilla dental follicle
44
dental cap
ectoderm (from oral epithelium) ## Footnote → **ameloblasts** (produce enamel)\* cap includes root sheath (at bottom of cap)
45
dental papilla
ectomesenchym (cranial neural crest) ## Footnote → **odontoblasts** (produce dentine) tooth pulp = remnant of dental papilla
46
dental follicle
§ectomesenchym; surrounds the dental cap and dental papilla. ## Footnote → **cementoblasts** (produce later cement layers) → **periodontal ligament** (CT connection to alveolus)
47
Ameloblast basal lamina = position of \_\_\_
Enamel-Dentine Junction (EDJ)
48
\_\_\_ will become the pulp of the tooth
dental papilla
49
dental papilla will produce odontoblasts which produce \_\_\_
dentine
50
dental cap will produce ameloblasts if ___ is present
stellate reticulum ameloblast build need enamel
51
EDJ
enamel dentine junction
52
why does dental papilla get smaller
puts on more and more layers of dentine
53
odontoblasts
Odontoblasts add dentine layers, at dental papilla New layers form _on pulp side_ of older dentine layers Odontoblasts move away from cap & EDJ as layers added dental papilla = future tooth pulp
54
Ameloblasts
Ameloblasts – add enamel layers to outer crown surface New layers form _outside_ older enamel layers Ameloblasts move outward, away from papilla & EDJ
55
why no enamel at root?
no stellate reticulum= no ameloblasts = no enamel root sheath
56
root sheath
lower edge of dental cap (see “HERS”) Zone of cap without ameloblasts; makes no enamel Odontoblasts facing the sheath produce root dentine Produces thin, highly calcified layer of outer root dentine (sometimes called ‘Intermediate cement’) Root sheath disintegrates as tooth erupts (except in open-rooted teeth, which keep growing throughout life)
57
dental follicle
Derived from ectomesenchyme Inner cells become **cementoblasts** that make dental cementum (new layer added every year) Outer cells give rise to periodontal ligament Top half of follicle resorbs bone above tooth; bottom half builds alveolar bone below tooth.
58
dental follicle will produce \_\_\_\_
cementoblasts → cement periodontal ligament
59
tooth eruption
1. Erupting teeth travel along the dental lamina to the jaw surface 2. The follicle is _essential_ for eruption. If the follicle is missing, eruption fails.§Creates pathway for erupting tooth by resorbing overlying bone / tooth roots§Fills the emptied crypt with new bone (which helps push tooth toward jaw surface)§Produces the periodontal ligament (which pulls the erupting tooth toward jaw surface) 3. Enamel deposition ceases as the tooth erupts (except in open-rooted teeth) 4. Dentine & cement continue to form after tooth erupts, in _all_ teeth
60
ever growing teeth
hypselodont (rodent)
61
what happens to teeth after they erupt
§The pulp cavity narrows as dentine gradually fills it §Root canal also narrows, but remains open (for nerves & vessels) §Pulp cavity remains wide in open-rooted teeth (+ no roots), continue to grow & erupt throughout life, hypselodont
62
septae between teeth
interalveolar septae
63
septae between roots
interradicular septae
64
what type of teeth attachment do mammals have
**gomphodont attachment.** One or more roots; alveoli (sockets) fit root tightly
65
set of teeth that are identical
homodont dentition
66
animals with no teeth
adontia (bird)
67
set of teeth that are different
heterodont dentition
68
when an animal looses its teeth
edentulous
69
why does a tooth not make enamel once it has erupted?
broken follicle- no more stellate reticulum = no ameloblasts = no enamel there is still odontoblasts on inside of tooth making dentine
70
when teeth are replaced many times
polyphyodont
71
when teeth are replaced once
diphyodont
72
mesial surface
front of tooth closest to midline
73
distal side of tooth
back of tooth, opposite of mesial
74
labial side of tooth
outer, toward the lips
75
occlusal
where teeth overlap each other
76
inside of teeth are \_\_\_
lingual or palatal (upper or lower jaw)
77
TMJ
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) – between skull & jaw A wide condylar joint with menisci Hinge motion allows jaw to open and close May also allow side-to-side or rostral-to-caudal motion
78
where left and right mandible meet
mandibular symphysis
79
dogs do not have a fused mandibular symphysis. True or false
true- some motion between left and right mandibles
80
carnivores the occlusal surface is not in line with the TMJ. True or false
false in line. out of line for herbivores
81
jaw adductor muscles
temporalis massester pterygoids
82
jaw abductor
digastricus (close jaw)
83
\_\_\_ closes jaw by pulling up & back: hinge-like closure on TMJ
temporalsis
84
\_\_\_ closes jaw; can also pull jaw rostrally or laterally at TMJ
massester
85
\_\_\_ close jaw; can also pull jaw rostrally or medially
pterygoids
86
why two CN for digastricus
developmental biology- two bronchial arches
87
what type of animal has the larges temporalis
carnivores (need to slice food)
88
what kind of animal has the largest masseter
rodent (gnawing) sideways motion
89
high crowned tooth
hypsodont
90
ever growing tooth
hypselodont
91
diet is reflected in
. Shapes of the animal’s teeth 2. Position of its TMJ relative to occlusal surface 3. Relative sizes of its adductor muscles
92
omnivore teeth, jaw and adductor
93
carnivore teeth, jaw and adductor
94
herbivore teeth, jaw and adductor

21 fall: Anatomy (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions