Fundamentals Vol. 3

Question 1

How many tarsal meibomian gland orifices are located in the upper eyelid? Lower eyelid?

Answer 1

Upper eyelid - 30 to 40 Lower eyelid - 20 to 30

Question 2

Where is the marginal arterial arcades of the eyelids located?

Answer 2

3 mm from the eyelid margin

Question 3

Where does the pretarsal portion of the venous system of the eyelid drain? Posttarsal system?

Answer 3

Pretarsal- internal and external jugular veins Posttarsal - cavernous sinus

Question 4

Where do the medial group of eyelid lymphatic vessels drain? Lateral group?

Answer 4

Medial groups- Submandibular lymph nodes Lateral group - Preauricular lymph nodes

Question 5

What type of epithelium covers the caruncle?

Answer 5

Nonkeratinized, stratified squamous epithelium

Question 6

What does the caruncle contain?

Answer 6

Sebaceous glands

Question 7

What does the epithelium of the plica semiluminaris contain?

Answer 7

Goblet cells

Question 8

What does the stroma of the plica semiluminaris contain?

Answer 8

Fat and nonstriated muscle

Question 9

What structure divides the main lacrimal gland into two parts?

Answer 9

Levator aponeurosis

Question 10

What are the two lobes of the lacrimal gland?

Answer 10

Orbital and palpebral lobe

Question 11

How many ducts drain into the conjunctival fornix from the main lacrimal gland?

Answer 11

Approx. 12

Question 12

Where do the ducts from the main lacrimal gland drain in the conjunctival fornix?

Answer 12

Approx. 5 mm above the superior margin of the tarsus

Question 13

On what lobe the main lacrimal gland is biopsy typically performed?

Answer 13

Orbital lobe (in order to spare the drainage ducts of the lacrimal gland)

Question 14

What are the 2 main type of cells located within the lacrimal glands?

Answer 14

1. Acinar cells 2. Myoepithelial cells

Question 15

Which type of cells line the lumen of the lacrimal glands?

Answer 15

Acinar cells (surrounded by myoepithelial cells)

Question 16

What artery supplies the main lacrimal gland?

Answer 16

Lacrimal artery (branch of ophthalmic artery)

Question 17

What is the sensory innervation of the lacrimal gland?

Answer 17

Lacrimal nerve (CN V1)

Question 18

What is the average diameter of the lacrimal puncta?

Answer 18

0.3 mm

Question 19

Where is the inferior lacrimal punctum located?

Answer 19

6.5 mm from the medial canthus

Question 20

Where is the superior lacrimal punctum located?

Answer 20

6.0 mm from the medial cantus

Question 21

What type of epithelium lines the lacrimal puncta and canaliculi?

Answer 21

Stratified squamous, nonkeratinized epithelium

Question 22

Where does epithelium of the lacrimal drainage system separate into 2 layers?

Answer 22

Near the lacrimal sac

Question 23

What are the 2 layers of the epithelium of the lacrimal sac?

Answer 23

1. Superficial columnar layer 2. Deep, flattened cell layer

Question 24

What are the 3 portions of the conjunctiva?

Answer 24

1. Palpebral 2. Fornical 3. Bulbar

Question 25

What is the blood supply to the bulbar conjunctiva?

Answer 25

Anterior ciliary arteries

Question 26

Where is the vascular watershed of the conjunctiva located?

Answer 26

Approx. 3 to 4 mm from the limbus

Question 27

Where are the goblet cells of the conjunctiva concentrated?

Answer 27

Inferior and medial portions of the conjunctiva (esp. near the caruncle)

Question 28

Where on the conjunctiva are goblet cells absent?

Answer 28

Limbal region of the conjunctiva

Question 29

What is the anterior attachment of Tenon capsule?

Answer 29

Intramuscular septum (3 mm posterior to limbus)

Question 30

What 3 tendons form the suspensory ligament of Lockwood?

Answer 30

1. Inferior rectus muscle. 2. Inferior tarsal muscle 3. Check ligaments of the medial and lateral rectus muscle

Question 31

What vessel forms the intramuscular circle of the iris?

Answer 31

Posterior ciliary vassel

Question 32

What vessel forms the intramuscular circle of the iris?

Answer 32

Posterior ciliary vessel

Question 33

What veins drain the choroid, ciliary body, and iris?

Answer 33

Vortex veins

Question 34

Where is the ampulla of the vortex veins located?

Answer 34

8 to 9 mm from the ora serrata

Question 35

What structure divides the central or posterior fundus from the peripheral portion?

Answer 35

Circle formed by the ampulla of the vortex veins