G10 DNA

Question 1

He discovered nucleic acids upon isolation of “nuclein” from white blood cells.

Answer 1

Friedrich Miescher

Question 2

are biomolecules that play important roles in the /storage and expression of genetic information/

Answer 2

Nucleic acids

Question 3

Nucleic Acids are macromolecules composed of the monomers called _.

Answer 3

nucleotides

Question 4

components of Nucleotides

Answer 4

a phosphate group
a 5-C sugar
a nitrogenous base

Question 5

Bonds that nucleotides has

Answer 5

Glycosidic bond

Ester bond

Question 6

_ bond attaches the base to the first C of sugar

Answer 6

Glycosidic

Question 7

_ bond attaches the phosphate to the first C of sugar

Answer 7

Ester

Question 8

linkages connect the nucleotides

Answer 8

Phosphodiester

Question 9

A nucleotide is connected to its adjacent nucleotides via _ _ bonds.

(Phosphodiester linkages connect the nucleotides.)

Answer 9

two ester

Question 10

Types of Nucleic Acids

Answer 10

DNA or RNA

Question 11

DNA

Answer 11

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 12

RNA

Answer 12

ribonucleic acid

Question 13

2 types of nucleic acids differ in terms of

Answer 13

nitrogenous bases

5-C sugar

Question 14

Nitrogenous Bases can either be

Answer 14

purines and pyrimidines

Question 15

purines

Answer 15

two ringed

Question 16

pyrimidines

Answer 16

single-ringed

Question 17

DNA and RNA have the same bases except for

Answer 17

thymine in DNA

uracil in RNA

Question 18

The nucleic acids differ in their 5-C sugar.

Question 19

nucleic acids difference in 5-C Sugar

Answer 19

DNA-deoxyribose

RNA-ribose

Question 20

Their sugars differ in the _ _ atom

Answer 20

second carbon

Question 21

Chargaff Rule

Answer 21

A=T
G=C

\U=T\

Question 22

The DNA stores genetic information in the form of _ _

Answer 22

nucleotide sequences

Question 23

The _ _ in DNA help protect and conserve its genetic information

Answer 23

base pairings

Question 24

The strands of DNA run in opposite directions making them _

Answer 24

antiparallel

Question 25

runs in 5′ to 3′ direction; the strand that is expressed

Answer 25

Coding strand

Question 26

runs in 3′ to 5′ direction

Answer 26

Template strand

Question 27

The DNA double helix is a twisted, right-handed, staircase.

Question 28

the sides of the ladder

Answer 28

Sugar-phosphate

Question 29

the rungs of the ladder

Answer 29

Base pairs

Question 30

5′-pApTpApTpApTpApTpApTpA-3′ Polarity is seen with the 5′ and 3′ locants; directionality labels can be removed. pApTpApTpApTpApTpApTpA A phosphate group is exposed at the 5′ end; phosphate groups can be removed. ATATATATAT Simplified notation with only the nitrogenous bases represented. ATATATATAT TATATATATA The coding strand is always written above the complementary template strand.

Question 31

first proposed the double helical structure of DNA

Answer 31

James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 32

scientists | data sets

Answer 32

Rosalind Franklin and Erwin Chargaff

Question 33

alongside Raymond Gosling, obtained the Photograph 51 via X-ray crystallography

Answer 33

Rosalind Franklin

Question 34

The symmetric patterns generated were interpreted as the DNA structure.

Question 35

The central dogma explains duplication of genetic material and expression of genes.

Question 36

The central dogma explains duplication of genetic material and expression of genes.

Answer 36

involves replication, transcription, translation

Question 37

It is a prerequisite for cell division. It produces exactly similar copies of the genetic material. It occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle.

Answer 37

DNA Replication

Question 38

origin of replication Initiation

Answer 38

sequence of hundreds of base pairs

Question 39

unwinds and unzips DNA forming the replication fork and bubble Initiation

Answer 39

Helicase

Question 40

stabilize DNA Initiation

Answer 40

Topoisomerase and single-stranded DNA binding proteins

Question 41

synthesizes new strands in the 5’ to 3’ direction Elongation

Answer 41

DNA polymerase III

Question 42

Synthesis is continuous in the Elongation

Answer 42

leading strand

Question 43

Synthesis is continuous in the leading strand. It occurs in the 5’ to 3’ direction. It has the same direction as the _ _. Elongation

Answer 43

replication fork

Question 44

Synthesis is discontinuous in the Elongation

Answer 44

lagging strand

Question 45

Synthesis is discontinuous in the lagging strand. It also occurs in the 5’ to 3’ direction. It occurs _ the direction of replication fork.

Answer 45

opposite

Question 46

Synthesis is discontinuous in the lagging strand. It also occurs in the 5’ to 3’ direction. It occurs _ the direction of replication fork. Elongation

Answer 46

opposite

Question 47

join the Okazaki fragments together by adding nucleotides in the gap Elongation

Answer 47

DNA ligase

Question 48

DNA polymerase I replaces the primers. DNA ligase seals the nicks and gaps. Two copies of DNA are produced.

Answer 48

Termination

Question 49

replaces the primers

Answer 49

DNA polymerase I

Question 50

seals the nicks and gaps

Answer 50

DNA ligase

Question 51

seals the nicks and gaps

Answer 51

DNA ligase

Question 52

has proofreading mechanisms

Answer 52

DNA polymerase III

Question 53

happens when errors bypassed the polymerase proofreading

Answer 53

Mismatch repair