G10 Effects of Electromagnetic Waves on the Environment

Question 1

is the process by which plants and other photosynthetic organisms (e.g., some bacteria and protists) use energy from sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen gas as by-product

Answer 1

Photosynthesis

Question 2

sunlight
oxygen
carbon dioxide
sugar
water

Answer 2

-

Question 3

starts with the use of light energy. This energy comes in the form of electromagnetic waves.

Answer 3

Photosynthesis

Question 4

Each particle of light is called a _, each carrying discrete amount of energy

Answer 4

photon

Question 5

The amount of energy an EM radiation carries depends on its _.

Answer 5

frequency

Question 6

_ wave carry high amounts of energy while_ waves carry low energy.

Answer 6

High-frequency and low-frequency

Question 7

energy from light is collected by light-absorbing molecules in the leaves of the plants called

Answer 7

pigments

Question 8

Pigments can be classified into two groups

Answer 8

hlorophylls and carotenoids

Question 9

is the most common pigment in plants

Answer 9

Chlorophyll

Question 10

There are different types of chlorophyll present in a photosynthetic organism.

Question 11

Photosynthesis happens in a phase called the

Answer 11

light-dependent reaction

Question 12

when chlorophyll A absorbs light, electrons gain energy and become “excited which results in the splitting of _ molecules

Question 13

In this reaction, when chlorophyll A absorbs light, electrons gain energy and become “excited which results in the splitting of water molecules and the transfer of energy to _

Answer 13

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 14

ATP

Answer 14

adenosine triphosphate

Question 15

The electromagnetic spectrum is a huge collection of wavelengths of light. Among all these wavelengths, the human eye can only see a portion. This section of the spectrum is called

Answer 15

visible light

Question 16

This part of the spectrum can be further divided into different subsections, each representative of a particular color, commonly known as the colors of a rainbow

Answer 16

ROYGBV

Question 17

Objects around us absorb most light rays and also reflect some.
An object’s color is the _ of light which it reflects.

Answer 17

wavelength

Question 18

The reflected wavelength are received by the _ and _ in the eye interpret these wavelengths as colors and send signals to our brains. This helps us perceive colors and see objects around us.

Answer 18

retina and the cones

Question 19

Light bounces through objects and enters the eye through the

Answer 19

pupil

Question 20

is a collection of muscles that contract and expand to regulate light entering the eye

Answer 20

iris

Question 21

The light then passes through the _, which focuses the light to the _.

Answer 21

lens, retina

Question 22

is made of a transparent liquid enclosed in a membrane

Answer 22

eye lens

Question 23

The eye lens is made of a transparent liquid enclosed in a membrane. The thickness of this liquid is adjusted by the _ _ in order to focus on far or nearby objects.

Answer 23

ciliary muscles

Question 24

The retina contains special cells called _ and _

Answer 24

cones and rods

Question 25

are responsible for perceiving colors

Answer 25

Cones

Question 26

allow people to see in poor lighting conditions

Answer 26

rods

Question 27

is a phenomenon where in short wavelengths of radiation from the sun are absorbed when they pass through a transparent medium while longer wavelengths of radiation are trapped inside that medium

Answer 27

Greenhouse effect

Question 28

Greenhouse Effect was discovered by

Answer 28

Joseph Fourier in 1824

Question 29

was built by making a well-insulated box with layers of glass on the lid

Answer 29

A “greenhouse"

Question 30

The glass allows sunlight to come in, thereby heating the contents of the box. However, the sunlight that enters the greenhouse cannot go out anymore.

Answer 30

-

Question 31

is the most abundant in the atmosphere among all greenhouse gases

Answer 31

Carbon dioxide

Question 32

is released during the production of energy from fossil fuels.

Answer 32

Methane

Question 33

is a gas released by various industrial activities. This gas can remain in the atmosphere for thousands of years

Answer 33

Nitrous oxide

Question 34

is a gas released by various industrial activities. This gas can remain in the atmosphere for thousands of years

Answer 34

Nitrous oxide

Question 35

in the form of EM waves, reaches Earth atmosphere. Some of these waves are reflected back into space and the rest are absorbed. Thus, heating the lands and the oceans

Answer 35

Solar radiation

Question 36

Some of this heat is trapped by the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, thus keeping Earth warm enough to be habitable.

Question 37

Human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, car emissions and clearing of forested areas contribute to the increased amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Question 38

is a permanent alteration in the genetic sequence which causes diversity among organisms

Answer 38

Genetic mutation

Question 39

are changes in the DNA sequence which are inherited by an offspring from a parent

Answer 39

Hereditary or germline mutations

Question 40

can be caused by factors such as radiation

Answer 40

Acquired or somatic mutations

Question 41

External influences, such as exposure to specific chemicals or radiation, can cause the DNA to break down. This leads to mutations where cells appear to have a slightly different DNA compared to the original. Cell division causes cells to split up the DNA as new cells are created

Question 42

is the type of radiation that can knock off an electron from its orbit. This causes direct DNA damage that results in genetic mutations

Answer 42

Ionizing radiation

Question 43

alpha, beta, and gamma radiation

Answer 43

ionizing radiation

Question 44

are particles which cannot pass through a piece of paper or the outermost layer of the skin, but if released from inside the body, can do great damage to the cells

Answer 44

Alpha particles

Question 45

are electrons which can burn the skin since they can penetrate the first layers of the skin

Answer 45

Beta particles

Question 46

contains huge amounts of energy which can cause a break in the DNA

Answer 46

Gamma radiation

Question 47

includes ultraviolet (UV) visible light, infrared (IR), microwave, radio frequency (RF), and extremely low frequency (ELF) waves

Answer 47

Nonionizing radiation

Question 48

In most cases, the skin generally absorbs radiation from nonionizing sources in the form of heat. This is why nonionizing radiation is not that harmful to humans.

Question 49

is the process that uses electromagnetic waves in the form of light as a source of energy to produce food in plants and photosynthetic organisms.

Answer 49

Photosynthesis

Question 50

Specifically, light-dependent reactions is a phase in photosynthesis where electrons absorb photons in the form of energy to split water molecules and transfer energy to ATP and NADPH.

Question 51

are responsible for the absorption of specific wavelength of visible light and reflection of others.

Answer 51

Pigments

Question 52

The visible light spectrum, composing the colors ROYGBV, is the only EM wave that the human eye can perceive.

Question 53

Light bounces through objects, enters the eye through the pupil, passes through the lens, and is focused to the retina

Question 54

Retina contains photoreceptors which are _, responsible for perceiving colors; and, _ which control the light intensity entering the eye

Answer 54

cones,rods

Question 55

is a phenomenon where longer wavelengths of radiation are trapped inside that medium

Answer 55

Greenhouse effect

Question 56

contributes primarily to greenhouse effect. Other greenhouse gases include methane, nitrous oxide, fluorinated gases, etc.

Answer 56

Carbon dioxide

Question 57

Trapped heat by the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere keeps the Earth warm enough to be _.

Answer 57

habitable

Question 58

There are two types of genetic mutation, germline or somatic. Somatic mutation is caused by factors such as radiation

Question 59

Ionizing radiation comes from electromagnetic waves with sufficiently high energy that can possibly cause cellular and DNA damage. The most common types of ionizing radiation are alpha, beta, and gamma radiation

Question 60

_ _ is from electromagnetic waves with relatively low radiation levels believed to be harmless to humans.

Answer 60

Nonionizing radiation