G10 Unit 25 (Nucleic Acids) Flashcards
are biomolecules that are made up of repeating units of nucleotides
Nucleic acids
because they were first discovered in the nucleus of cells.
an English scientist, used a method known as X-ray crystallography to produce the first-ever photographs of the structure of DNA.
Rosalind Franklin
the double-helix structure of DNA was discovered by
James Watson and Francis Crick
Nucleotides are units with three components
a phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base
a unit similar to a nucleotide, but without the phosphate group
nucleoside
link the phosphate group to the nucleoside
Ester bonds
The nucleotides are linked through
phosphodiester bonds
The nitrogen bases are linked via
hydrogen bonds
two kinds of nucleic acid
ribonucleic acid (RNA) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
has ribose as its sugar part
Ribonucleic acid
has deoxyribose as its sugar part
Deoxyribonucleic acid
_ bases are ones with two rings
Purine
_ bases have one rings`
Pyrimidines
Purine bases bond with pyrimidines.
states that purines and pyrimidines should be found in equal ratios within a cell
Chargaff’s rule
refers to the sequence of nucleotides that make up the strand
Primary structure
refers to the bonding between the nucleotides
secondary structure
refers to the positioning of the structures of DNA, and how these affect the three-dimensional structure
tertiary structure
refers to the interaction between the nucleic acid and other molecules, which can also include other nucleic acids
quaternary structure
contains the genetic instructions for the development and functioning of organisms
DNA
plays a crucial role in the process of gene expression
DNA
RNA has three types:
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
carries the genetic sequence information between the DNA and the ribosomes
mRNA
