G10 Nervous System & Homeostasis(Slides)

Question 1

body’s master controlling system.

It performs our thoughts and actions.

Answer 1

Nervous System

Question 2

Basic components of the Nervous System

Answer 2

brain
spinal cord
neuron

Question 3

Two major divisions of the Nervous System

Answer 3

central nervous system (CNS)

periphereal nervous system (PNS)

Question 4

composed of the brain and spinal cord which act as integrating command centers

Answer 4

central nervous system (CNS)

Question 5

consists of the neurons that link the body organs to the CNS.

Answer 5

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 6

are the basic units of the nervous system

are highly specialized cells that transmit nerve impulses or electrical messages from one body part to another

Answer 6

Neurons (nerve cells or nerves)

Question 7

two common features of all types of neurons

Answer 7

cell body

neural processes or extensions

Question 8

parts of a neuron

Answer 8

cell body (soma)
neural processes
synapse
myelin sheath

Question 9

center of a neuron as it contains the nucleus

Answer 9

cell body (soma)

Question 10

serve as passageways of signals

Answer 10

“arm-like” neural processes

Question 11

transmit electrical signals toward the cell body

neural process

Answer 11

Dendrites

Question 12

generate impulses away from the cell body

neural process

Answer 12

Axons

Question 13

The axons branch out into hundreds of axon terminals, the small vessels that contain the neurotransmitters or chemical messengers of signals.

Question 14

small vessels that contain the neurotransmitters or chemical messengers of signals

Answer 14

axon terminals

Question 15

extracellular gap that links the neurons together

Answer 15

Synapse

Question 16

a fatty material that insulates the neural processes

Answer 16

Myelin sheath

Question 17

Classifications of Neurons

Answer 17

functional classification

structural classification

Question 18

is based on the direction through which the nerve impulses travel relative to the CNS
(classification)

Answer 18

Functional classification

Question 18

is based on the direction through which the nerve impulses travel relative to the CNS
(classification)

Answer 18

Functional classification

Question 19

functional classification of neurons

Answer 19

sensory neurons/afferent neurons
motor neurons/efferent neurons
interneurons/assosications neurons

Question 20

carry impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS

Answer 20

Sensory neurons

Question 21

referred to as afferent neurons, which literally means “to go toward.”

Answer 21

Sensory neurons

Question 22

carry impulses from the CNS to the muscles and glands of our body

Answer 22

Motor neurons

Question 23

referred to as efferent neurons which means “away from”

Answer 23

Motor neurons

Question 24

link the sensory and motor neurons to keep the flow of impulses between neurons

Answer 24

Interneurons

Question 25

are also called as association neurons

Answer 25

Interneurons

Question 26

based on the number of neural processes that extend from the cell body (classification)

Answer 26

Structural classification

Question 27

structural classification of neurons

Answer 27

multipolar neuron bipolar neuron unipolar neuron

Question 28

has several dendrites and an axon

Answer 28

multipolar neuron

Question 29

All motor neurons and interneurons have this kind of neural structure.

Answer 29

multipolar neuron

Question 30

All motor neurons are _

Answer 30

multipolar

Question 31

are those that have one axon and one dendrite

Answer 31

Bipolar neurons

Question 32

are those that have one axon and one dendrite. They are only found in sensory organs, like the ears and eyes, where they act as sensory receptors.

Answer 32

Bipolar neurons

Question 33

consist of a single neural process that extends from the cell body in the form of an axon

Answer 33

Unipolar neurons

Question 34

conducts nerve impulses both toward and away from the cell body

Answer 34

Unipolar neurons

Question 35

act as sensory neurons | Structural classification

Answer 35

unipolar neurons

Question 36

supporting cells that lump together to support and protect the nerve cells cannot transmit impulses

Answer 36

Neuroglia (“nerve glue”)

Question 37

Neuroglia of the CNS

Answer 37

Astrocytes Microglia Ependymal cells Oligodendrocytes

Question 38

star-shaped cells with numerous projections that insulate most of the neural tissues

Answer 38

Astrocytes

Question 39

most abundant type of neuroglial cells in the CNS

Answer 39

Astrocytes

Question 40

spider-like cells that act as phagocytes to eliminate dead brain cells and bacteria found wandering in the brain

Answer 40

Microglia

Question 41

serve as the protectors of the CNS

Answer 41

Microglia

Question 42

form a series of cells that line the cavities of the brain and the spinal cord

Answer 42

Ependymal cells

Question 43

Specialized ependymal cells produce the

Answer 43

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 44

are the supporting cells that produce the insulative myelin sheaths of the neural processes in the central nervous system

Answer 44

Oligodendrocytes

Question 45

Neuroglia of the PNS

Answer 45

Schwann cells | Satellite cells

Question 46

are specialized supporting cells that produce the myelin of neurons in the PNS

Answer 46

Schwann cells

Question 47

Have exposed membranes and cytoplasms; their CNS counterparts do not have

Answer 47

Schwann cells

Question 48

are flattened supporting cells wrapped around the cell bodies of sensory neurons in PNS

Answer 48

Satellite cells

Question 49

Their main function is to act as protective cushioning cells

Answer 49

Satellite cells

Question 50

General Functions of the Nervous System

Answer 50

sensory perception integration response production

Question 51

Sensory receptors incorporated in our organs receive different internal and external stimuli all the time called

Answer 51

sensory input

Question 52

Electrical signals sent by the sensory receptors are assessed in the brain through _ in which the involved organs will be tapped to create a response

Answer 52

integration

Question 53

Once the electrical signals have been assessed, the nervous system will activate the appropriate muscles or glands to create a response called the

Answer 53

motor output

Question 54

The nervous system is able to perform its functions as the control and coordinating center of all our organ systems. However, it still needs the help of the other systems for the body to function optimally.