G10 DNA(Slides Summary)

Question 1

monomers of nucleic acids

Answer 1

nucleotides

Question 2

components of nucleotides

Answer 2

a five-carbon sugar
a phosphate group
a nitrogenous base

Question 3

strand of nucleic acids is formed by linked nucleotides together by

Answer 3

phosphodiester bonds

Question 4

DNA strand has a _ _ where the phosphate group is found

Answer 4

5’ end

Question 5

DNA strand has a _ _ where the sugar molecule is located

Answer 5

3’ end

Question 6

Double helix is _ - handed

Answer 6

right

Question 7

The double helix twissts in the clockwise direction which results in the formation of major and minor _.

Answer 7

grooves

Question 8

The DNA sequence can be represented by its nitrogenous bases.

Question 9

are nucleic acids involved in protein synthesis

Answer 9

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 10

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic acids involved in protein synthesis. It uses _ instead of thymine as one of its nitrogenous bases.

Answer 10

uracil

Question 11

a principle that the genetic information contained in the DNA is replicated and transferred to RNA molecules that direct the synthesis of protein molecules

Answer 11

central dogma of molecular biology

Question 12

a semiconservative process wherein DNA molecules are duplicated during cell division and passed on to each daughter cell.

Answer 12

Replication

Question 13

involves unwinding and unzipping by the helicase and the stabilization by the topoisomerase and SSBPs

Answer 13

Initiation of replication

Question 14

involves the continous and discontinous synthesis in the leading and lagging strands by the DNA polymerase III

Answer 14

Elongation stage (of replication)

Question 15

occurs when the two strands are already bound to each other. DNA polymerase I replaces primers, and DNA ligase seals the gaps.

Answer 15

Termination of replication

Question 16

The cell has no 100%-accurate replication machinery. However, it has proofreading and mismatch repair mechanisms.

Question 17

are involved in the translation and transcription of genetic information in DNA

Answer 17

Ribonucleic acids or RNAs

Question 18

Ribonucleic acids contains uracil instead of _.

Answer 18

thymine

Question 19

process of converting the genetic information in DNA to synthesize mRNA

Answer 19

Transcription

Question 20

three types of RNA

Answer 20

messenger RNA (mRNA)
transfer RNA (tRNA)
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 21

is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing the complementary RNA called primary transcript

Answer 21

RNA polymerase

Question 22

RNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing the complementary RNA called

Answer 22

primary transcript

Question 23

Transcription starts at

Answer 23

promoter region

Question 24

Transcription ends in

Answer 24

terminator sequence

Question 25

Transcription starts at the promoter region and ends in the terminator sequence. The mRNA detaches to form a

Answer 25

hairpin structure

Question 26

_ _ of the pre-mRNA involves splicing to remove introns and the addition of 5’ cap and 3’ poly-A tail

Answer 26

Post-transcriptional modification

Question 27

Post-transcriptional modification of the pre-mRNA involves splicing to remove _ and the addition of 5’ cap and 3’ poly-A tail.

Answer 27

introns

Question 28

Post-transcriptional modification of the pre-mRNA involves splicing to remove introns and the addition of 5’ _ and 3’ poly-A _.

Answer 28

cap, tail

Question 29

involves the formation of the translation complex consisting of the mRNA, 70S ribosome, and the initiator tRNA

Answer 29

Initiation of translation

Question 30

involves the cycle of entry into A site and exit through E site by the tRNAs

Answer 30

Elongation of translation

Question 31

Elongation involves the cycle of entry into A site and exit through E site by the tRNAs. The _ _ elongates in this stage.

Answer 31

polypeptide chain

Question 32

involves the recognition of one of the three stop codons (i.e., UAA, UAG, or UGA).

Answer 32

Termination of translation

Question 33

three stop codons

Answer 33

UAA UAG UGA