G10 The Electromagnetic Spectrum

Question 1

postulated that light “coming from the eye” travels in a straight line. He also worked on the reflection of light.

Answer 1

Euclid of Alexandria

Question 2

famous for his geocentric model of the universe, studied the refraction of light and color phenomena, (c. 100 CE – c. 170 CE)

Answer 2

Claudius Ptolemy

Question 3

used the apparent change in the position of stars as Earth revolves around the Sun to measure the speed of light

Answer 3

James Bradley

Question 4

The value he obtained was _ which is within 1% of the current estimate.

(James Bradley)

Answer 4

3.0 x10^8m/s

Question 5

There were earlier attempts in measuring the speed of light by other scientists, including _ and _ but their methods did not yield any useful results.

Answer 5

Galileo Galilei and Ole Roemer

Question 6

The current value is at _, which can still be approximated as 3.0 x 108 m/s .

Answer 6

299 910 000 m/s

Question 7

states that the light is made of a stream of particles travelling in a straight path

Answer 7

particle model

Question 8

The particle model, states that the light is made of a stream of particles travelling in a straight path. One of the leading proponents of this model is

Answer 8

Isaac Newton

Question 9

explained as the bouncing of light on a surface, much like a bouncing ball.

Answer 9

Reflection

Question 10

is explained by the presence of certain force at the interface of two media.

Answer 10

Refraction

Question 11

states that light is an energy-carrying disturbance or vibration similar to sound and water ripples

Answer 11

wave model

Question 12

worked on the mathematical theory of the wave nature of light

Answer 12

Christiaan Huygens

Question 13

is explained as the bouncing of light waves on materials it cannot pass through similar to the echo of sound and ocean waves bouncing on a steep cliff

Answer 13

Reflection

Question 14

is the slowing down of the waves as light moves to a different medium

Answer 14

Refraction

Question 15

This also implies that light is capable of interference, or waves amplifying or cancelling each other.

Answer 15

wave model

Question 16

The current consensus is that electromagnetic waves are _ and _.

Answer 16

both wave and particle

Question 17

The _ _ is useful in developing radio wave transmission for telecommunications

Answer 17

wave model

Question 18

_ is useful in developing photovoltaic cells for generation of electricity

Answer 18

particle model

Question 19

came up with the theory of electromagnetic wave, electric and magnetic fields that induce one another as they propagate. As an electromagnetic wave, it is believed to be capable of travelling through vacuum. - hypothesized that light is an electromagnetic wave because the speed of electromagnetic wave matched the known speed of light.

Answer 19

James Clerk Maxwell

Question 20

german physicist,using Maxwell’s theories, discovered radio waves by building devices that can produce and receive them. He determined that radio waves also travel at 3.0 x 10^8 m/s, and exhibit wave properties similar to that of light.
He used two rods the serves as the receiver and a spark gap as the receiving antony(antenna) where waves were picked up

Answer 20

Heinrich Hertz

Question 21

discovery of electromagnetic induction
responsible for introducing the concept of field in physics to describe electromagnetic interaction
made fundamental contributions to the electromagnetic theory of light

Answer 21

Michael Faraday

Question 22

discovered that a wire carrying electric current can attract or repel another wire next to it that’s also carrying electric current

Ampere’s Law of Electromagnetism

Answer 22

André-Marie Ampère

Question 23

Electric current in a wire can deflect a magnetized compass needle

Answer 23

Hans Christian Oersted

Question 24

According to _, since light travels in a straight line, it must be a particle
because waves are known to bend through obstacles. For example, sounds can be
heard through walls since sound waves bend around them

Answer 24

Newton

Question 25

After various scientists showed the possibility of the particle model of light, _ _ offered an explanation in 1905. He suggested that light, at least in some instances, should be considered to be composed of small packets of energy or particles called photons . He added that the energy of each particle was proportional to the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation that it was a part of

Answer 25

Albert Einstein

Question 26

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE | PROPERTIES

Answer 26

1. They are produced by accelerated or oscillating charge. 2. They do not require any material or medium for propagation. 8. They travel in free space at the speed of 3x10° m/s

Question 27

PRINCIPLES

Answer 27

Many natural phenomena exhibit wave-like behaviors. All of them — water waves, earthquake waves, and sound waves require a medium to propagate. These are examples of mechanical waves. Light can also be described as a wave — a wave of changing electric and magnetic fields that propagate outward from their sources. These waves, however, do not require a medium to propagate. They propagate at 300,000,000 meters per second through a vacuum Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves. In simpler terms, the changing electric and magnetic fields oscillate perpendicular to each other and to the direction of the propagating waves. These changing electric and magnetic fields generate each other through Faraday’s Law of Induction and Ampere's Law of Electromagnetism. These changing fields dissociate from the oscillating charge and propagate out into space at the speed of light. When the oscillating charge accelerates, the moving charge’s electric fields change, too.

Question 28

is the passing of light through a material medium

Answer 28

Transmission

Question 29

Transparent and translucent materials transmit light, but _ materials do not.

Answer 29

opaque

Question 30

If light is not | transmitted, it may have been _ or _.

Answer 30

reflected or absorbed

Question 31

the separation of light into different colors. This may happen to a refracting light depending on the angle from which it entered a new medium and the nature of this medium. White light is dispersed into a band of colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet

Answer 31

Dispersion

Question 32

happens when a material takes in light and converts it into different forms of energy.

Answer 32

Absorption

Question 33

_ _ are those that selectively absorb colors. Most _ _ around us convert light to heat but some materials, such as leaves and photovoltaic cells, convert some of the light to other forms of energy such as chemical energy stored as glucose and electrical energy, respectively.

Answer 33

Opaque materials

Question 34

The leaf absorbs all the frequencies of light except for _ and that _ color is reflected and perceived by the observer’s eyes.

Answer 34

green

Question 35

When an object appears _, it means it reflects all components of light

Answer 35

white

Question 36

when an object appears _, it means it absorbs all the components

Answer 36

black

Question 37

the splitting and bending of light into several random directions. For a transparent material, _ is due to impurities present in the material. For an opaque material, light may - in different directions as it bounces off due to irregularities in the material’s shape

Answer 37

Scattering

Question 38

Shorter wavelengths of visible light (i.e., blue and violet) are scattered by nitrogen and oxygen molecules in the atmosphere, making the sky appear blue. During sunset, the light coming from the sun hits the atmosphere at a different angle making the sky appear red.

Answer 38

-5-

Question 39

is the spreading-out of light after passing through a narrow slit. When the opening is smaller, the _ is greater. The _ is also greater if the wavelength is longer.

Answer 39

Diffraction

Question 40

is the overlapping of two or more waves into one wave whenever they pass through the same point

Answer 40

Interference

Question 41

happens when the opposite parts of two waves meet

Answer 41

Destructive interference

Question 42

happens when identical parts of two waves meet

Answer 42

Constructive interference

Question 43

_ _’s double-slit experiment demonstrated that light exhibits interference.

Answer 43

Thomas Young

Question 44

The _ _ are the areas where waves interfere constructively

Answer 44

bright fringes

Question 45

_ _ are the areas where waves interfere destructively.

Answer 45

dark fringes

Question 46

electromagetic spectrum arranged in increasing frequency

Answer 46

``` radio waves microwaves infrared visible light ultraviolet x-rays gamma rays ```

Question 47

speed of electromagnetic waves denoted as

Answer 47

c

Question 48

Electromagnetic waves travel slower in | denser materials or materials with molecules closer to one another. Thus

Answer 48

light is faster in air than in water, and faster in water than in glass. It travels fastest in vacuum where not even a single molecule can be found.

Question 49

are | transverse waves made of perpendicular electrical and magnetic field components

Answer 49

Electromagnetic waves

Question 50

refers to the time it takes for the wave to finish one complete wavelength to pass through a point

Answer 50

wave’s period (T)

Question 51

is the number of complete waves passing through a point in a unit of time

Answer 51

frequency (f)

Question 52

f=?

Answer 52

1/T

Question 53

refers to the distance the wave covers per cycle of propagation can be visualized as one “complete” wave in a series of identical waves

Answer 53

wavelength ( λ )

Question 54

distance divided by time

Answer 54

Speed

Question 55

speed of the wave or v=?

Answer 55

v=λ/T

Question 56

speed using wavelength and frequency

Answer 56

v=λf

Question 57

electric field and magnetic field of an electromagnetic wave are _ to each other

Answer 57

perpendicular

Question 58

frequency is inversely related to the _ of a wave

Answer 58

period

Question 59

light traveling in a vacuum or empty space | formula

Answer 59

c=λf

Question 60

greater than 1 meter(an electromagnetic wave)

Answer 60

radio waves

Question 61

(1 x 10^-3) to (1)

Answer 61

microwaves

Question 62

(7 x 10^-7) to (1 x 10^-3)

Answer 62

infrared

Question 63

(4 x 10^-7) x (7 x 10^-7)

Answer 63

visible light

Question 64

(1 x 10^-8) to (4x10^-7)

Answer 64

ultraviolet

Question 65

(1 x 10^-10) to (1 x 10^-8)

Answer 65

x-rays

Question 66

less than 1 x 10^-10 or 100 pm

Answer 66

gamma rays

Question 67

(6.2 x 10^-7) to (7 x 10^-7)

Answer 67

red

Question 68

(5.8 x 10^-7) to (6.2 x 10^-7)

Answer 68

orange

Question 69

(5.3 x 10^-7) to (5.8 x 10^-7)

Answer 69

yellow

Question 70

(4.7 x 10^-7) to (5.3 x 10^-7)

Answer 70

green

Question 71

(4.2 x 10^-7) to (4.7 x 10^-7)

Answer 71

blue

Question 72

(4 x 10^-7) to (4.2 x 10^-7)

Answer 72

violet

Question 73

electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelength and lowest frequency

Answer 73

radio waves

Question 73

wavelength just above one meter, and frequencies below _ (radio waves)

Answer 73

3.0 × 10^8 Hz

Question 74

wavelengths approximately between one m and one mm.

Answer 74

Microwaves

Question 75

Their frequencies range from _ to _ in a vacuum. (microwave

Answer 75

3.0 × 10^8 to 3.0 × 10^11 Hz

Question 76

Waves having shorter wavelengths than | microwaves but longer than visible light are called

Answer 76

infrared

Question 77

occupy the | wavelength roughly between 1 mm and 700 nm

Answer 77

infrared

Question 78

(nm means nanometer, equivalent | to _ m)

Answer 78

10 ^ -9

Question 79

mm is _

Answer 79

10^ -3m

Question 80

infra means

Answer 80

below

Question 81

visible have wavelengths ranging from _ to _

Answer 81

700 nm | to 400 nm

Question 82

Arranged in decreasing wavelengths, the order of visible light is

Answer 82

red, orange, yellow, | green, blue, and violet.

Question 83

under certain conditions, humans may be capable | of seeing infrared at up to _ nm and ultraviolet up to _ nm

Answer 83

1050, 310

Question 84

ultra means

Answer 84

going beyond

Question 85

usually from _ nm to _ nm | ultra violet

Answer 85

400, 10

Question 86

electromagnetic waves with the highest amount of energy They can pass through several opaque materials such as human body tissues

Answer 86

X-rays and gamma rays

Question 87

pm=

Answer 87

10^-12

Question 88

X-rays with wavelengths from

Answer 88

10 nm to 100 pm

Question 89

X-rays with wavelengths from

Answer 89

10 nm to 100 pm

Question 90

are those with wavelengths less than _ pm gamma rays

Answer 90

100

Question 91

Raging Martians Invaded Venus Using | X-ray Guns