G10 The Reproductive System: Parts and Functions(Spermatogenisis and Oogenesis)

Question 1

In animals, the reproductive organs called _ produce the gametes.

Answer 1

gonads

Question 2

male gonads

Answer 2

testes

Question 3

female gonads

Answer 3

ovaries

Question 4

Each of these gonads further has structures that serve to produce and nourish the developing gametes.

Question 5

Gametes all have a _ set of chromosomes.

Answer 5

haploid

Question 6

This means that they only have one set of chromosomes which is unpaired.

Answer 6

a haploid set of chromosomes

Question 7

a cell having a _ _, as is the case of somatic cells. Diploid cells have a complete set of paired chromosomes.

Answer 7

diploid set

Question 8

produce sperm cells, and this is where the maturation of these cells occur

Answer 8

seminiferous tubules

Question 9

Sperm cells are considered _ if they are capable of motility and fertilization

Answer 9

mature

Question 10

production of mature sperm cells is called

Answer 10

spermatogenesis

Question 11

The entire process of spermatogenesis takes about 65–75 days in mature human males.

Question 12

Spermatogenesis

Answer 12

Spermatogonia
Primary Spermatocytes
Secondary Spermatocytes
Spermatids

Question 13

Spermatogenesis produces many cells called

Answer 13

spermatogonia

Question 14

These spermatogonia undergo _, from which the primary spermatocytes are derived

Answer 14

mitosis

Question 15

will then undergo meiosis I

Answer 15

Primary Spermatocytes

Question 16

This is when the number of chromosomes is reduced from a diploid number to a haploid number.

Answer 16

meiosis I

Question 17

The haploid number will be maintained until the sperm matures.

Question 18

Through meiosis I, each primary spermatocyte divides into _ _ _

Answer 18

two secondary spermatocytes

Question 19

Meiosis II will allow each secondary spermatocyte divides into two _ or young spermatozoa.

Answer 19

spermatids

Question 20

Young spermatozoa will eventually develop into mature spermatozoa, also known as _ _.

Answer 20

sperm cells

Question 21

production of mature egg cells

Answer 21

oogenesis

Question 22

female gonads

primary organs involved with oogenesis

Question 23

two major layers of the ovary

Answer 23

cortex and the medulla

Question 24

Oogenesis occurs in the _, and the developing egg cells are contained inside structures known as follicles. The follicles serve to protect and nourish the egg cells as they develop. The medulla contains blood vessels and nerves.

Answer 24

cortex

Question 25

Oogenesis occurs in the cortex, and the developing egg cells are contained inside structures known as follicles. The _ serve to protect and nourish the egg cells as they develop. The medulla contains blood vessels and nerves.

Answer 25

follicles

Question 26

Oogenesis occurs in the cortex, and the developing egg cells are contained inside structures known as follicles. The follicles serve to protect and nourish the egg cells as they develop. The _ contains blood vessels and nerves.

Answer 26

medulla

Question 27

Oogenesis

Answer 27

``` Primordial Follicle Oogonia Primary Oocytes Secondary Oocytes Egg Cell ```

Question 28

A human female, when born, already has a fixed number of primordial follicles. This means that the number of times wherein a person can ovulate over the course of a lifetime is already dictated by the amount of primordial follicles present. This is also the reason why menopause happens.

Question 29

This means that the number of times wherein a person can ovulate over the course of a lifetime is already dictated by the amount of _ _ present.

Answer 29

primordial follicles

Question 30

_ occurs when a female is already incapable of ovulating as a result of having no more viable egg cells. These primordial cells will eventually mature as the female enters puberty.

Answer 30

Menopause

Question 31

Oogenesis begins with a germ cell called _. These oogonia undergo mitosis, from which the primary oocytes are derived.

Answer 31

oogonium

Question 32

The diploid oogonium undergoes mitosis to produce two diploid _ _. This process usually happens before birth, or shortly after birth.

Answer 32

/two diploid/ primary oocytes

Question 33

The primary oocytes will remain as primary oocytes because they stop at the prophase I of meiosis until puberty when oogenesis continues. Further maturation of these oocytes will start to happen during puberty and beyond.

Question 34

The primary oocyte is arrested in prophase of _.

Answer 34

meiosis II

Question 35

The maturation will continue when a woman ovulates as part of her menstrual cycle.

Question 36

The primary oocyte will continue the process of meiosis to produce a haploid _ _ and a polar body. The _ _ usually dies. At ovulation, the secondary oocyte is released. It travels toward the uterus through the oviduct.

Answer 36

secondary oocyte, polar body

Question 37

If the secondary oocyte is fertilized, the cell completes the process of meiosis, producing a second polar body and a fertilized egg.

Question 38

From the 70 000 immature egg cells present at birth in each ovary, only around 500 will become mature. These are released when the females reach physical maturity.

Question 39

The egg cell has a large nucleus with the haploid set of chromosomes. It has a small amount of yolk with an abundance of the cytoplasm.

Question 40

In animals, the reproductive organs called gonads produce the gametes. The male gonads are the testes, and the female gonads are the ovaries. The ovary has two major layers, which are the cortex and the medulla. The cortex is the outer layer, whereas the medulla is the inner. Oogenesis occurs in the cortex. Developing egg cells are contained inside structures known as follicles. The follicles serve to protect and nourish the egg cells as they develop. The medulla contains blood vessels and nerves. Oogenesis produces many cells called oogonia. These oogonia undergo mitosis, from which the primary oocytes are derived. Oogenesis begins with a germ cell called oogonium. The diploid oogonium undergoes mitosis to produce two diploid primary oocytes. The primary oocyte will continue the process of meiosis to produce a haploid secondary oocyte and a polar body. The polar body usually dies. From the 70 000 immature egg cells present at birth in each ovary, only around 500 will become matur